Table 2 Compact summary of Catchment I

Treated crops

Stone and pome fruits, strawberries currants

Application

1993–2006; application in late spring and summer, BBCH growth stages > 60

Observation

 Leachate sampling

Collected at 21 sites, distributed across the orchard in 2008, 2010, 2011

 Position of monitoring wells

Below orchard

Middle downstream

Close to the raw water abstraction

Raw water abstraction gallery

 Distance of treated area to downstream monitoring wells [m]

–-

 ~ 1600

 ~ 2200

 ~ 2800

Geology/lithology

 Leaching profile

Holocene loam (Cambisol) from relict high flood alluvium covering Pleistocene sands

 Aquifer

Quaternary fluviatile sand and gravel terraces

 Basement

Tertiary fine sediment layers composed of sand and clay of marine origin

 Location

Western Germany, Rhine-Ruhr region

 Topography

Rhine plain (east of the river) with slope < 1°, agricultural land use

Aquifer properties

 Groundwater level below treated orchard [m]

4.5–6.5

 Thickness [m]

1–25

 Slope of aquifer [m]/[m]

5/2800

 Hydraulic conductivity [m/d]

40 (upper 10 m);

300 (lower 5 m)

 Dispersivity (longitudinal/vertical) [m]; [m]

10; 0.1

Used models

 Leaching modeling

PEARL

 Aquifer transport modeling

HYDRUS-2D