Fig. 3
From: Urban population exposure to air pollution in Europe over the last decades
Annual trends of mortality (number of deaths per 1,000,000 inhabitants per year) due to ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and tropospheric ozone (O3) over the time period 2000–2017 in the 28 European Union countries (EU-28). Points below the thick line show a decrease in O3- and PM2.5-related mortality, while points above the thick line show an increase (see Additional file 1: Table S3 for raw data)