Fig. 1
From: Urban population exposure to air pollution in Europe over the last decades
Annual trends of national emissions (% year−1) in the 28 European Union countries (EU-28) for sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 µm and 10 µm (PM2.5 and PM10) over the time period 2000–2017 (see Additional file 1: Table S1 for raw data). All trends are significant at p < 0.05 (Mann–Kendall)