Table 2 Characteristics of the reviewed invertebrates; * metal or metal oxide-based ENMs; ** dissection of different compartments for investigations on biodistribution possible; n.d. = not described;
From: Bioaccumulation assessment of nanomaterials using freshwater invertebrate species
Category | Bivalvia | Gastropoda | Isopoda | Amphipoda | Branchiopoda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Endpoints | BAF | BAF (BMF) | BCF, BMF | BCF, BMF | BAF |
Literature—biology & physiology | + + | + + | + | + + | + + + |
Literature & data—metal uptake/ accumulation | + | + + | + + | + + | + + |
Literature & data—ENM* uptake/ accumulation | + | + | - | + | + + |
Reproduction in lab | - | + | + + | + + + | + + + |
Lab culture | + | + + | + + | + + + | + + + |
Size of organisms | + + + , ** | + + + , ** | + | + + | + + |
ENM* exposure test system | + + , for BAF | n.d | n.d | + + + , for BCF & BMF | + |