Table 1 Characteristics of the groundwater and surface water in the study area

From: Flow velocity and nutrients affect CO₂ emissions from agricultural drainage channels in the North China Plain

Parameter	Unit	Groundwater	Surface water
pH	–	7.31 ± 0.13	7.06 ± 4.13
Alkalinity	mmol L⁻¹	785 ± 123	–
DIC	mg L⁻¹	–	3.83 ± 1.30
NO₃⁻–N	mg L⁻¹	0.02 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.10
NH₄⁺–N	μg L⁻¹	5.8 ± 1.1	3.2 ± 5.8

pH and alkalinity data in the groundwater were from Li et al. [42], NO₃⁻–N and NH₄⁺–N data in groundwater were from this study; pH, DIC, NO₃⁻–N, and NH₄⁺–N data in surface water were unpublished from the field survey in September, 2018

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