Selection and application of trophic magnification factors for priority substances to normalize freshwater fish monitoring data under the European Water Framework Directive: a case study

Rüdel, Heinz; Kosfeld, Verena; Fliedner, Annette; Radermacher, Georg; Schlechtriem, Christian; Duffek, Anja; Rauert, Caren; Koschorreck, Jan

doi:10.1186/s12302-020-00404-8

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 3 TMFs of WFD PS selected for TL 4 normalization of fish monitoring data from rivers Moselle and Havel

From: Selection and application of trophic magnification factors for priority substances to normalize freshwater fish monitoring data under the European Water Framework Directive: a case study

Substance	TMF	Rationale for selection	TMF data selected from Table 2 (R² and p, if given in the source)	Analyzed food web	Source
∑6 PBDE	2.25 Lipid-based	Geometric mean TMF for BDE 47 (“worst case” TMF)	4.2 (R² = 0.65 p = 0.02)	Lentic, pelagic: fish only¹ TL range: ≈ 3.5–4.9	[43]
			6.34 ± 1.19 –	Lentic, pelagic: plankton, invertebrates, fish² TL range: 1.7–4.6	[20]
			2.11 (R² = 0.2321; p = 0.0127)	Lentic, pelagic: fish only³ TL range: ≈ 2.8–4.9	[42]
			0.46 (R² = 0.2234; p = 0.0024)	Lentic, pelagic: fish only⁴ TL range ≈ 3.0–4.6	[42]
HCB	2.24 Lipid-based	Geometric mean TMF (based on fish fillet)	2.4 (R² = 0.31; p < 0.01)	Lentic, pelagic: plankton, fish⁵ TL: 1.0–3.9	[49]
HCB	2.24 Lipid-based	Geometric mean TMF (based on fish fillet)	2.1 ± 1.8 –	Lentic, pelagic: plankton, fish⁶ TL range: ≈ 1.0–6.2, depending on lake	[50]
PCDD/F + dl-PCB	2.96 Lipid-based	TMF for PCB 126 as highest contributing dl-PCB	2.96 –	Lentic, benthopelagic: plankton, invertebrates, fish⁷ δ¹⁵N-range: 8.1–17.6	[51]
HBCDD	2.23 Lipid-based	TMF for sum HBCDD	2.23 (R² = 0.3202; p = 0.0026)	Lentic, pelagic: fish only³ TL range: ≈ 2.8–4.9	[42]
PFOS	2.60 ww-based	Geometric mean TMF for stream ecosystems	1.5 –	Lotic, benthopelagic: biofilm–macrophytes–invertebrates–fish⁸ TL range: 1.0–3.5	[33]
PFOS	2.60 ww-based	Geometric mean TMF for stream ecosystems	2.4–4.1 (geometric mean 2.90)	Lotic, benthopelagic: invertebrates–fish⁹ TL range: 1.4–5.4 depending on site	[58]
Hg	4.73 ww-based	Geometric mean TMF for stream ecosystems (based on fish fillet)	3.9–5.4	Lotic, benthopelagic: biofilm –invertebrates–fish (one species)¹⁰ TL range: ≈ 1–5	[41] recalculated to wet weight by [14]

¹⁻¹⁰ Detailed information on food web compositions as derived from the original sources is provided in the Additional file 1: section "Additional information to Table 3"

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