Selection and application of trophic magnification factors for priority substances to normalize freshwater fish monitoring data under the European Water Framework Directive: a case study

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 1 List of priority substances and EQSs for fish as µg kg⁻¹ wet weight (ww) according to Directive 2013/39/EU [2]. The last column lists the protection goals on which the EQS is based [3]

Substance	EQS for fish [µg kg⁻¹ ww]	Protection goal
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE; sum of congeners BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154)^§	0.0085	Human health
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)	10	Human health
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and derivatives	9.1	Human health
Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (PCDD/F + dl-PCB)^§	0.0065^$ (as WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ)^#	Human health
Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide (sum)	0.0067	Human health
Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD)	55	Secondary poisoning
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD; sum of α-, β- and γ-HBCDD)^§	167	Secondary poisoning
Dicofol	33	Secondary poisoning
Mercury (Hg)	20	Secondary poisoning

^# Expressed as WHO toxicity equivalents (TEQ) according to Van den Berg et al. [5]
^§Groups of chemicals consisting of several congeners or diastereomers (details are provided as Additional file 1: section “List of compounds covered in the substance groups”)
^$EQS also applicable for mollusks, crustaceans