Fig. 2
Combined effects of toxicants: observed and modeled concentration–response relationships of Daphnia magna at low-food conditions for day 21 after 24 h of esfenvalerate exposure in combination with different prochloraz concentrations. a, c, e Observed mortality (dots), modeled mortality with different approaches for combining stressors: stress-addition according to the Multi-TOX approach with a ratio of 81% SA, effect- and concentration-addition. b, d, f Modeled stress: esfenvalerate-, prochloraz stress obtained from single substance concentration response, resulting system-stress, summed stress