Table 7 From hazard communication to safety behavior

Hazard and risk communication instruments

Information tools that increase knowledge (e.g., by authorities, consumer organizations, scientists, interested public) [16, 32, 35]

Instructions for safe use [35]

Information on the product (such as hazard pictograms or ingredient lists)* [16, 34, 35]

Information in the public media [16, 32]

Factors affecting risk awareness

Observed health effects*

Health effects observed in the family or with friends

Factors affecting safety behavior

Physiological and psychological aspects:

Quality of perception of odors*

Perception of a certain odor intensity

Personal preferences and experiences* [13, 35]

Positive or negative associations with certain odors* [13, 35]

Subconscious effects [19, 20]

Addiction to fragrances

Personal history:

Observed adverse health effects*

Personal experiences [17, 35]

Willingness to participate in normal societal life*

Commonly applied fragrances in society [18]

Influence by others:

Attitude of friends, family, colleagues [16, 35]

Advertising (promise to become attractive)* [13, 39]

Product brands [17]

Assumptions and beliefs:

“Frequently used products are less dangerous” [17]

“Natural substances are healthier than synthetic ones.”* [3, 16]

“Pleasant smells are good for me.” [13]

“Pleasant smell is an indication for hygiene.”*

Trust in safety of products [16, 17, 40]