Table 1 Basic configurations for DPM model excluding bed boundary conditions
| DPM parameters | Settings | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Particle time step size (second) | 0.001 | |
| Iterations per flow time step | 20 | |
| Max. number of steps | 5,000,000 | |
| Coupling setup | Two-way coupling | Interact with fluid phase |
| Particle regime | Unsteady-state DPM | Interact with fluid phase |
| Density (kg/m3) | 1020 | Measured data |
| Boundary conditions for DPM | Inlet and Outlet: escaped Bed: developed approach Wall: reflect | The developed approach was specified by a UDF, for more details, refer to Table 3 |
| Particle size distribution (μm) | Defined using the Rosin–Rammler equation | Parameter: diameters’ classification = 10, n = 3.89, dmin = 300 μm, dmean = 565 μm, dmax = 800 μm |
| Particle injection | At Inlet per flow time step | Initial velocity = flow velocity |
| Turbulent dispersion of particle | Stochastic modeling | DRWM with CL = 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.5 |
| Impulse sediment per time (kg) | 0.1 |
