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Table 3 List of wetland birds that partially feed in terrestrial habitats and are potentially exposed to lead shot (provided by D. Pain/Bird LIFE International 2017)

From: An evaluation of the proposal to regulate lead in hunting ammunition through the European Union’s REACH regulation

Family

Common name

Scientific name

IUCN Red List Category (Europe)

Likely to ingest grit

Feeds to a significant extent in wetlands

Feeds in terrestrial areas in Europe

Relative exposure level to lead shot associated with feeding in terrestrial areas

Ardeidae (herons)

Cattle egret

Bubulcus ibis

LC

Potentially

No

Yes-frequently

Low

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Brent goose

Branta bernicla

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Barnacle goose

Branta leucopsis

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Red-breasted goose

Branta ruficollis

NT

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Greylag goose

Anser anser

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Bean goose

Anser fabalis

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Pink-footed goose

Anser brachyrhynchus

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Greater white-fronted goose

Anser albifrons

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Greenland white-fronted goose

Anser albifrons flavirostris

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Lesser white-fronted goose

Anser erythropus

EN

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Rallidae (rails, gallinules, coots)

Corncrake

Crex crex

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Gruidae (cranes)

Demoiselle crane

Anthropoides virgo

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Gruidae (cranes)

Common crane

Grus grus

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Ciconiidae (storks)

White stork

Ciconia ciconia

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

Low

Charadriidae (plovers)

Eurasian golden plover

Pluvialis apricaria

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

Medium

Charadriidae (plovers)

Eurasian dotterel

Eudromias morinellus

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Charadriidae (plovers)

Little ringed plover

Charadrius dubius

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

Low

Scolopacidae (sandpipers, snipes, phalaropes)

Eurasian woodcock

Scolopax rusticola

0

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

High

Laridae (gulls, terns, skimmers)

Lesser black-backed gull

Larus fuscus

LC

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

Medium

Laridae (gulls, terns, skimmers)

European herring gull

Larus argentatus

NT

Yes

No

Yes-frequently

Medium

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Ruddy shelduck

Tadorna ferruginea

LC

Yes

No

Yes-infrequently

Low

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Eurasian wigeon

Mareca penelope

LC

Yes

Yes

Yes-infrequently

Low

Laridae (gulls, terns, skimmers)

Glaucous gull

Larus hyperboreus

LC

Yes

Yes

Yes-infrequently

Low

Laridae (gulls, terns, skimmers)

Great black-backed gull

Larus marinus

LC

Yes

Yes

Yes-infrequently

Low

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Mute swan

Cygnus olor

LC

Yes

Yes

Yes-sometimes

High

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Whooper swan

Cygnus cygnus

LC

Yes

Yes

Yes-frequently

High

Anatidae (ducks, geese, swans)

Tundra swan

Cygnus columbianus

EN

Yes

Yes

Yes-frequently

High

Charadriidae (plovers)

Northern lapwing

Vanellus vanellus

VU

Yes

Yes

Yes-frequently

Low

Charadriidae (plovers)

Spur-winged lapwing

Vanellus spinosus

LC

Yes

Yes

Yes-sometimes

Low

Scolopacidae (sandpipers, snipes, phalaropes)

Whimbrel

Numenius phaeopus

LC

Yes

Yes

Yes-sometimes

Low

Scolopacidae (sandpipers, snipes, phalaropes)

Eurasian curlew

Numenius arquata

VU

Yes

Yes

Yes-sometimes

Low

Scolopacidae (sandpipers, snipes, phalaropes)

Ruff

Calidris pugnax

LC

Yes

Yes

Yes-sometimes

Medium

Laridae (gulls, terns, skimmers)

Yellow-legged gull

Larus michahellis

LC

Yes

Yes

Yes-sometimes

Medium

Laridae (gulls, terns, skimmers)

Iceland gull

Larus glaucoides

LC

Yes

Yes

Yes-sometimes

Low

  1. EN endangered, LC least concern, NT near threatened, VU vulnerable