Fig. 4From: The impact of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on the intestinal microbiome of larval brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario)Expression of virulence genes in Enterococcus faecium (a), Enterococcus faecalis (b), and Aeromonas hydrophila (c) after exposure with metformin. Bacteria-specific virulence genes and applied metformin concentration are given on the x-axis. The expression factors were normalised to housekeeping genes and the untreated control for standardisation. The significance was tested using the Student’s t-test for E. faecalis, E. faecium (*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01) and the Mann–Whitney U test for A. hydrophila (*p ≤ 0.05)Back to article page