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Fig. 4 | Environmental Sciences Europe

Fig. 4

From: The impact of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on the intestinal microbiome of larval brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario)

Fig. 4

Expression of virulence genes in Enterococcus faecium (a), Enterococcus faecalis (b), and Aeromonas hydrophila (c) after exposure with metformin. Bacteria-specific virulence genes and applied metformin concentration are given on the x-axis. The expression factors were normalised to housekeeping genes and the untreated control for standardisation. The significance was tested using the Student’s t-test for E. faecalis, E. faecium (*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01) and the Mann–Whitney U test for A. hydrophila (*p ≤ 0.05)

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