Energy efficiency trade-offs in small to large electric vehicles

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 4 Summary statistics—multiple regression analysis of certified and real-word energy consumption of passenger cars as a function of vehicle attributes; significance at 1% level (), 5% level (), and 10% level ()

Energy consumption	Coefficient	Value	Standard error	t value	Pr (> abs t)	p value	Adjusted R²
	Model 3: energy consumption = α₃+ β₃mass + β₄power + β₅year
Certified	(Intercept)	113	101	1.12	0.27	< 0.001	0.43
	Mass***	6.40e−03	8.65e−04	7.40	4.00e−12
	Power	− 4.02e−03	2.80e−03	− 1.43	0.15
	Year	− 5.33e−02	5.02e−02	− 1.06	0.29
Real-world	(Intercept)**	268	112	2.39	1.81e−02	< 0.001	0.47
	Mass***	5.89e−03	9.14e−04	6.45	1.08e−09
	Power	3.87e−03	2.81e−03	1.38	0.17
	Year**	− 0.13	5.58e−02	− 2.32	2.18e−02
	Model 6: log(energy consumption) = α₆+ β₉log(mass) + β₁₀log(power) + β₁₁year
log(Certified)	(Intercept)	4.15	6.70	0.62	0.54	< 0.001	0.45
	log(Mass)***	0.60	8.00e−02	7.47	2.69e−12
	log(Power)	− 3.99e−03	2.94e−02	− 0.14	0.89
	Year	− 2.88e−03	3.24e−03	− 0.89	0.37
log(Real-world)	(Intercept)**	19	7	2.57	1.10e−02	< 0.001	0.47
	log(Mass)***	0.46	7.78e−02	5.97	1.33e−08
	log(Power)***	5.92e−02	2.27e−02	2.61	9.90e−03
	Year***	− 9.97e−03	3.65e−03	− 2.73	7.02e−03