Table 3 Electric vehicle types covered in our analysis

Type 0: Skate-board

Vehicles without a handlebar

“A flat, narrow board with two small wheels under each end, which a person stands on and moves forward by pushing one foot on the ground” (http://www.dictionary.cambridge.org)

Type 0: Hover-board, E-board

“A motorized personal vehicle consisting of a platform for the feet mounted on two wheels and controlled by the way the rider distributes the weight” (http://www.lexico.com)

Type 1: Stand-up scooter

Vehicles with a handlebar

As, e.g., a Segway

Type 1: Kick scooter (e-scooter)

“A kick scooter, push scooter or scooter, is a land vehicle with a handlebar, deck and wheels that is propelled by a rider pushing off the ground” (after http://www.definitions.net)

Type 2: E-bike

Bicycle similar vehicles that can be operated alternatively without the electric engine.

An electrified bicycle

Type 2: Bike-like three- and four-wheeler

As, e.g., cargo- or freight bicycles including small bicycle-like three- and four-wheelers, electric rickshaws

Type 3: Larger two- and three-wheeler

Step-through scooters, mopeds, motorcycles, and larger three-wheelers (e.g., electrified Tuk Tuks) L1e − L5e vehicles^a

Type 4: light four-wheeler

As, e.g., a Renault Twizzy

L6e + L7e vehicles^a

Type 5: Passenger car

As, e.g., a Tesla

M1 vehicles^a (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles not covered)

Type 6: Light commercial vehicle, heavy-duty truck

As, e.g., a Streetscooter (http://www.streetscooter.com/en/)

N1-3 vehicles^a