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Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 2 Environmental variables used in data analysis with units and explanation

From: Relationship between agricultural pesticides and the diet of riparian spiders in the field

Variable

Unit and explanation

Loading on SPCA axes

Value

Mean

SD

Toxicity

Maximum of log sum toxic unit for the most sensitive freshwater invertebrate

Excluded from SPCA

− 0.56

0.52

pHb

 

First axis; 0.33

8.19

0.18

Oxygenb

[%] dissolved oxygen in the stream

First axis; 0.45

75.99

8.95

Field distance index

Weighted distance of streams to agriculturally used fields for right and left site of the stream, at sampling site

First axis; − 0.13

0.64

0.25

Corridor land use meadows

[%] land cover with meadows within a 200 m distance to the stream

First axis; − 0.14

52.5

25.78

Catchment size

[km2] size of catchment area

First axis; 0.30

76.03

67.16

Catchment land use type 1

[%] land cover with arable land and permanent crops in the catchmentc

First axis; − 0.31

30.34

13.92

Maximal width stream

[m] widest part of the stream at sampling site

First axis; 0.39

3.57

1.35

Minimal width stream

[m] narrowest part of the stream at sampling site

First axis; 0.42

2.28

1.23

Riffles

[%]

First axis; 0.36

41.92

28.03

Sulphatea

[mg/L]

Second axis; 0.36

64.54

33.38

Riparian cover shrubs

[%] riparian land covered with shrubs within 5 m to stream along a 20 m transect

Second axis; 0.62

16.15

15.93

Riparian cover meadows

[%] riparian land covered with meadows within 5 m to stream along a 20 m transect

Second axis; − 0.59

25.38

25.02

Catchment land use type 2

[%] pastures and heterogenous agricultural areas in the catchmentc

Second axis; − 0.37

39.07

7.54

  1. SD standard deviation
  2. aCompact-photometer PF-12, Macherey-Nagel was used for measurement
  3. bMultiparameter pH/ORP/EC/TDS/salinity/DO/pressure/temperature waterproof meter—HI98194, Hanna Instruments was used for measurement
  4. cCORINE codes from catchment land use 1: non-irrigated arable land 211, vineyards 221, fruit trees and berry plantations 222; CORINE codes from catchment land use 2: pastures 231, complex cultivation patterns 242, land occupied by agriculture with significant areas of natural vegetation and pastures in the catchment area 243 [28]
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