Table 5 Values for VSL in 2016 (with the range in parentheses) for the individual countries (EU and non-EU) studied

7.73 (3.87–11.60)

5.18 (2.59–7.77)

4.95 (2.48–7.43)

4.59 (2.29–6.88)

4.19 (2.09–6.28)

4.10 (2.05–6.15)

4.03 (2.02–6.05)

4.00 (2.00–6.00)

3.93 (1.96–5.89)

3.86 (1.93–5.79)

3.68 (1.84–5.52)

3.68 (1.84–5.52)

3.44 (1.72–5.16)

3.32 (1.66–4.97)

3.10 (1.55–4.65)

3.03 (1.52–4.55)

2.96 (1.48–4.44)

2.93 (1.47–4.40)

2.92 (1.46–4.38)

2.88 (1.44–4.31)

2.76 (1.38–4.14)

2.68 (1.34–4.02)

2.63 (1.31–3.94)

2.60 (1.30–3.90)

2.52 (1.26–3.78)

2.50 (1.25–3.74)

2.45 (1.22–3.67)

2.31 (1.16–3.47)

2.06 (1.03–3.09)

1.92 (0.96–2.87)

1.91 (0.96–2.87)

1.91 (0.95–2.86)

1.66 (0.83–2.48)

1.58 (0.79–2.38)

1.37 (0.68–2.05)

1.32 (0.66–1.98)

1.27 (0.64–1.91)

1.24 (0.62–1.87)