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Table 2 Some data on the amount of glyphosate application in regions where GE soybeans are grown. Unless otherwise indicated, the amount of glyphosate is given in kg (a.i.)/ha

From: Insufficient risk assessment of herbicide-tolerant genetically engineered soybeans intended for import into the EU

Author

Total amount of glyphosate

Country

Frequency

Timing

Data source

Avila-Vazquez et al. [16]

10

Argentina

Approx. 12

60% pre-emergence

Survey

Benbrook [10]

4.45

Argentina

3.17

n.i.

Database analysis

Bindraban et al. [12]

3.84

Argentina

n.i.

n.i.

Literature research

Primost et al. [17]

1.9 to 9.1 average: 3.9

Argentina

2–6 (average 3.3)

n.i.

Survey

Papa and Tuesca [18]

Approx. 5

Argentina

n.i.

n.i.

Calculation based on publicly accessible data

Benbrook [10]

4.45

Brazil

3.17

n.i.

Database analysis

Bombardi [19]

8.4

Brazil

n.i.

n.i.

Calculation based on publicly accessible data

Pignati et al. [20]

4.9–6.1 l/ha

Brazil

n.i.

1–2 l/ha pre-emergence and

3–4 l/ha post-emergence

Database analysis

Pignati et al. [21]

5.5 l/ha

Brazil

n.i.

n.i.

Database analysis

OMAFRA [22]

1.8–2.7

Canada

1–2

0.9 pre-emergence

0.9–1.8 post-emergence

Guide to weed control

Franceschell [23]

4.15

Paraguay

n.i.

n.i.

Calculation based on publicly accessible data

Benbrook [10]

1.6–2.08

USA

1.7

n.i.

Database analysis

Monsanto patent application [15]

8

USA

3–5

Pre- and post-emergence

Patent application

Monsanto [13]

Max. approx. 8

USA

n.i.

Pre- and post-emergence

Roundup product label

Perry et al. [24]

1.5

USA

n.i.

n.i.

Database analysis

USDA [14]

7

USA

1.1–1.5

n.i.

Database entry

  1. n.i. not indicated in the studies