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Table 1 Enrichment factors for sea salt and soil components relative to rainwater

From: Assessing the neutralisation, wet deposition and source contributions of the precipitation chemistry over Europe during 2000–2017

 

EFseawater

EFcrust

\(\frac{{{\text{Cl}}^{ - } }}{{{\text{Na}}^{ + } }}\)

\(\frac{{{\text{K}}^{ + } }}{{{\text{Na}}^{ + } }}\)

\(\frac{{{\text{Ca}}^{{ 2 { + }}} }}{{{\text{Na}}^{ + } }}\)

\(\frac{{{\text{Mg}}^{{ 2 { + }}} }}{{{\text{Na}}^{ + } }}\)

\(\frac{{{\text{SO}}_{ 4}^{ 2- } }}{{{\text{Na}}^{ + } }}\)

\(\frac{{{\text{Cl}}^{ - } }}{{{\text{Ca}}^{{ 2 { + }}} }}\)

\(\frac{{{\text{K}}^{ + } }}{{{\text{Ca}}^{{ 2 { + }}} }}\)

\(\frac{{{\text{Na}}^{ + } }}{{{\text{Ca}}^{{ 2 { + }}} }}\)

\(\frac{{{\text{Mg}}^{{ 2 { + }}} }}{{{\text{Ca}}^{{ 2 { + }}} }}\)

\(\frac{{{\text{SO}}_{ 4}^{ 2- } }}{{{\text{Ca}}^{{ 2 { + }}} }}\)

Austria

1.29

5.79

14.85

1.77

18.06

738.01

0.46

3.33

1.23

172.22

Belarus

1.11

10.81

11.54

1.55

11.68

1090.18

1.13

4.84

1.58

199.88

Croatia

1.02

5.87

12.17

1.51

11.67

722.55

0.50

3.52

1.20

148.49

Czech Rep.

1.04

6.25

12.12

1.33

13.66

764.52

0.53

3.52

1.03

170.94

Denmark

1.08

6.66

11.06

1.33

13.49

858.23

0.62

3.87

1.12

183.65

Estonia

0.94

6.09

12.17

1.66

12.07

741.85

0.55

3.73

1.37

162.47

Finland

0.91

5.86

11.20

1.29

12.11

727.14

0.54

3.78

1.08

164.61

France

0.95

5.93

11.62

1.37

12.48

740.59

0.53

3.69

1.11

164.43

Germany

0.93

6.13

11.64

1.37

12.52

716.60

0.54

3.64

1.10

163.60

Greece

1.00

7.33

11.14

1.34

14.20

802.12

0.66

3.98

1.13

190.45

Hungary

0.94

6.40

12.00

1.45

13.02

714.80

0.55

3.55

1.17

167.17

Iceland

0.90

6.56

11.33

1.27

12.05

754.74

0.64

3.92

1.08

162.83

Ireland

0.91

7.65

10.57

1.75

12.08

769.16

0.71

3.98

1.50

174.15

Italy

0.94

6.35

11.41

1.40

12.44

778.61

0.61

4.01

1.19

175.54

Latvia

0.96

6.32

12.34

1.53

12.74

716.91

0.54

3.55

1.14

160.32

Norway

0.94

6.53

11.74

1.32

12.88

726.41

0.58

3.65

1.07

167.90

Poland

0.95

5.75

11.01

1.27

11.96

763.16

0.53

3.76

1.08

164.90

Portugal

0.99

9.04

14.26

1.89

12.58

682.75

0.67

3.23

1.27

144.30

Serbia

0.94

5.68

10.88

1.25

11.13

784.42

0.54

3.92

1.09

157.94

Slovakia

0.97

6.27

11.05

1.35

13.02

797.72

0.59

3.88

1.15

180.18

Slovenia

0.88

6.03

10.73

1.33

11.43

747.90

0.58

4.00

1.17

161.96

Spain

1.01

6.67

10.25

1.23

10.69

853.01

0.66

4.18

1.12

157.65

Sweden

0.86

5.81

12.59

1.42

12.96

714.06

0.55

4.03

1.15

165.51

Switzerland

0.94

5.82

11.81

1.33

12.90

711.91

0.51

3.59

1.06

166.21

Netherlands

0.92

6.37

11.32

1.34

11.96

727.58

0.57

3.70

1.10

161.74

Turkey

0.99

13.55

12.02

1.50

11.72

773.77

1.24

3.70

1.18

151.19

UK

0.91

5.69

11.87

1.33

12.00

715.31

0.51

3.68

1.08

155.88

  1. Marine and crustal enrichment factors (EFs) were applied to identify and examine the sources and contributions of major ions in rainwater