Hazard grouping of nanomaterials for daphnia and algae toxicity: lessons learned from scientific projects for regulatory applicability

Schwirn, Kathrin; Völker, Doris

doi:10.1186/s12302-019-0226-9

Table 2 Comparison of agglomeration size, reactivity, solubility, and EC₅₀ of algae (R. subcapitata) toxicity of different nanoforms of CeO₂, Fe₂O₃, and TiO₂

From: Hazard grouping of nanomaterials for daphnia and algae toxicity: lessons learned from scientific projects for regulatory applicability

CeO₂	Primary particle size (nm)	Surface reactivity in OECD medium	Solubility 72 h (µg/l) 1 g/l in OECD medium	EC₅₀ mg/l (nominal)	Fe₂O₃	Primary particle size (nm)	Surface reactivity in OECD medium	Solubility (%) of 1 g/l in OECD medium	EC₅₀ mg/l (nominal)	TiO₂	Primary particle size (nm)	Surface reactivity in OECD medium	Solubility 72 h (µg/l) 1 g/l in OECD medium	EC₅₀ mg/l (nominal)
CeO₂	Agglomerate size in OECD medium—z. average (nm) 100 mg/l	Surface reactivity in OECD medium	Solubility 72 h (µg/l) 1 g/l in OECD medium	EC₅₀ mg/l (nominal)	Fe₂O₃	Agglomerate size in OECD medium—z.average (nm) 100 mg	Surface reactivity in OECD medium	Solubility (%) of 1 g/l in OECD medium	EC₅₀ mg/l (nominal)	TiO₂	Agglomerate size in OECD medium—z.average (nm) 100 mg/l	Surface reactivity in OECD medium	Solubility 72 h (µg/l) 1 g/l in OECD medium	EC₅₀ mg/l (nominal)
NM 211^a	4–5	CPH 0.78 ± 0.17 DMPO 0.81 ± 0.05	3.9	8.5	Fe₂O₃_nano_A^b	37	EPR: CPH 0.789 DMPO 1.297	0 (24 h, 96 h)	3.6	Undoped anatas^a	15	CPH 0.66 ± 0.15 DMPO 0.71 ± 0.09 DMPO irradiation 1.48 ± 0.11	< 0.5	0.38
NM 211^a	442	CPH 0.78 ± 0.17 DMPO 0.81 ± 0.05	3.9	8.5	Fe₂O₃_nano_A^b	n.d.	EPR: CPH 0.789 DMPO 1.297	0 (24 h, 96 h)	3.6	Undoped anatas^a	2664		< 0.5	0.38
NM 212^a	40	CPH 0.74 ± 0.23 DMPO 0.96 ± 0.15	< 0.5	5.6	Fe₂O₃_nano_B^b	15 × 4–21 (rods)	EPR: CPH 0.84 DMPO 1.105	0 (24 h, 96 h)	2.4	EU-doped rutil^a	19	CPH 0.85 ± 0.30 DMPO 0.7 ± 0.1 DMPO irradiation 1.41 ± 0.09	0.7	0.91
NM 212^a	831	CPH 0.74 ± 0.23 DMPO 0.96 ± 0.15	< 0.5	5.6	Fe₂O₃_nano_B^b	n.d.	EPR: CPH 0.84 DMPO 1.105	0 (24 h, 96 h)	2.4	EU-doped rutil^a	1612	CPH 0.85 ± 0.30 DMPO 0.7 ± 0.1 DMPO irradiation 1.41 ± 0.09	0.7	0.91
NM 213^a	33–35	CPH 0.85 ± 0.07 DMPO 1.07 ± 0.12	0.67	43.8	Fe₂O₃_larger^b	48 ± 27	EPR: CPH 14.05 DMPO 8.143	n.d.	111	Fe-doped rutil^a	10	CPH 0.83 ± 0.11 DMPO 1.0 ± 0.1 DMPO irradiation 1.38 ± 0.07	9.1	3.6
NM 213^a	1042	CPH 0.85 ± 0.07 DMPO 1.07 ± 0.12	0.67	43.8	Fe₂O₃_larger^b	n.d.	EPR: CPH 14.05 DMPO 8.143	n.d.	111	Fe-doped rutil^a	1866	CPH 0.83 ± 0.11 DMPO 1.0 ± 0.1 DMPO irradiation 1.38 ± 0.07	9.1	3.6
										NM 105^b	25	EPR: CPH 0.577 DMPO 1.002 DMPO irradiation 20.789	n.d.	4.7
										NM 105^b	n.d.	EPR: CPH 0.577 DMPO 1.002 DMPO irradiation 20.789	n.d.	4.7
										NM 104^b	29	EPR: CPH 0.796 DMPO 1.108 DMPO irradiation 1.566	n.d.	63
										NM 104^b	n.d.	EPR: CPH 0.796 DMPO 1.108 DMPO irradiation 1.566	n.d.	63

^aPublished in [8]
^bPublished in [9]

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