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Fig. 3 | Environmental Sciences Europe

Fig. 3

From: Poison in paradise: increase of toxic effects in restored sections of two rivers jeopardizes the success of hydromorphological restoration measures

Fig. 3

Gammarus fossarum. Mean and standard deviation of the fecundity index (a, b) and mean and standard error of the mean of the percentage mortality (c, d) after 28 days of exposure in the active biomonitoring campaigns at the river Horloff in March 2017 (a, c) and the river Nidda in May 2017 (b, d). White: reference sites, with H3R and N2R as statistical reference sites, light grey: restoration sites, dark grey: transect sites. Significant differences in the fecundity index compared to the reference site N2R (shaded) were determined via unpaired t test. No brooding females occurred at N7 and N9, therefore, fecundity index could not be calculated. Significant differences in the percentage mortality compared to the corresponding reference site H3R or N2R (shaded) were determined using Fisher’s exact tests. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n = 6

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