Pesticide contamination and associated risk factors at public playgrounds near intensively managed apple and wine orchards

Linhart, Caroline; Niedrist, Georg H.; Nagler, Magdalena; Nagrani, Rajini; Temml, Veronika; Bardelli, Tommaso; Wilhalm, Thomas; Riedl, Andreas; Zaller, Johann G.; Clausing, Peter; Hertoge, Koen

doi:10.1186/s12302-019-0206-0

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 3 Number and percentage (%) of pesticides detected in grass samples from playgrounds (n = 71)

From: Pesticide contamination and associated risk factors at public playgrounds near intensively managed apple and wine orchards

Pesticides/pesticide classes		Isarco valley (N = 10)	Adige valley (N = 20)	Low Adige (N = 20)	Venosta (N = 21)	p-value
Contaminated playgrounds		4 (40.00)	8 (40.00)	4 (20.00)	16 (76.19)	0.003
		Post hoc test	Low Adige: Venosta			0.003
		Post hoc test	Other comparisons			n.s.
Playgrounds with
	No pesticides	6 (60)	12 (60)	16 (80)	5 (23.8)	0.005
	One pesticide	2 (20)	5 (25)	0	8 (38.1)
	Two pesticides	0	2 (10)	1 (5)	5 (23.8)
	Three pesticides	1 (10)	1 (5)	3 (15)	2 (9.5)
	Four pesticides	1 (10)	0	0	1 (4.8)
		Post hoc test	Low Adige: Venosta			< 0.001
		Post hoc test	Other comparisons			n.s.
Pesticide classes
Herbicides	Oxadiazon	0	0	0	1 (4.76)	0.999
Insecticides		1 (10)	4 (20)	4 (20)	13 (61.9)	0.004
		Post hoc test	Venosta: all other regions			0.022
		Post hoc test	Other comparisons			n.s.
	Phosmet	0	4 (20.00)	1 (5.00)	13 (61.90)	< 0.001
		Post hoc test	Isarco valley: Venosta			0.004
			Adige: Venosta			0.002
			Low Adige: Venosta			< 0.001
			Other comparisons			n.s.
	Imidacloprid	1 (10.00)	0	2 (10.00)	0	0.719
	Chlorpyrifos-methyl	0	0	1 (5.00)	0	0.704
	Methoxyfenozide	0	0	1 (5.00)	0	0.704
	Cypermethrin	0	0	1 (5.00)	0	0.704
Fungicides		4 (40)	4 (20)	2 (10)	11 (52.4)	0.015
		Post hoc test	Venosta: all other regions			< 0.001
		Post hoc test	Other comparisons			n.s.
	Fluazinam	2 (20.00)	4 (20.00)	2 (10.00)	10 (47.62)	0.048
		Post hoc test	Low Adige: Venosta			0.015
		Post hoc test	Other comparisons			n.s.
	Penthiopyrad	4 (40.00)	0	1 (5.00)	1 (4.76)	0.004
		Post hoc test	Isarco valley: Adige valley			0.046
	Difenoconazole	2 (20.00)	0	0	0	0.018
	Dodine	0	0	1 (5.00)	0	0.704
	Penconazole	0	0	0	2 (9.52)	0.501
	Tetraconazole	0	0	0	1 (4.76)	0.999
Disinfectant
	Benzalkonium chloride	0	4 (20.00)	0	0	0.018
Preservative agent
	2-Phenylphenol	0	0	1 (5.00)	0	0.704
Pesticides with EA		2 (20)	5 (25)	4 (20)	15 (71.4)	0.002
		Post hoc test	Isarco: Venosta			0.036
			Adige: Venosta			0.014
			Low Adige: Venosta			0.009
			Other comparisons			n.s.

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