Table 1 Descriptive statistics of pesticides detected in grass samples of playgrounds (n = 71)
Pesticides and pesticide classes | Total (N = 71) | NEAR (N = 34) | FAR (N = 37) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Number of contaminated playgrounds* | ||||
 Present | 32 (45.1) | 21 (61.8) | 11 (29.7) | 0.013 |
Playgrounds with | ||||
 No pesticides | 39 (54.9) | 13 (38.2) | 26 (70.3) | 0.043 |
 One pesticide | 15 (21.1) | 8 (23.5) | 7 (18.9) | |
 Two pesticides | 8 (11.3) | 6 (17.7) | 2 (5.4) | |
 Three pesticides | 7 (9.9) | 5 (14.7) | 2 (5.4) | |
 Four pesticides | 2 (2.8) | 2 (5.9) | 0 | |
Detected pesticides | ||||
 Herbicides | ||||
  Oxadiazon | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.9) | 0 | 0.479 |
 Insecticides* | 22 (31.0) | 14 (41.2) | 8 (21.6) | 0.128 |
  Phosmet* | 18 (25.4) | 11 (32.4) | 7 (18.9) | 0.305 |
  Imidacloprid | 3 (4.2) | 2 (5.9) | 1 (2.7) | 0.604 |
  Chlorpyrifos-methyl | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.9) | 0 | 0.479 |
  Methoxyfenozide | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.9) | 0 | 0.479 |
  Cypermethrin | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.9) | 0 | 0.479 |
 Fungicides* | 21 (29.6) | 17 (50) | 4 (10.8) | < 0.001 |
  Fluazinam* | 18 (25.4) | 14 (41.2) | 4 (10.8) | 0.008 |
  Penthiopyrad | 6 (8.5) | 6 (17.7) | 0 | 0.009 |
  Difenoconazole | 2 (2.8) | 2 (5.9) | 0 | 0.223 |
  Dodine | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.9) | 0 | 0.479 |
  Penconazole | 2 (2.8) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (2.7) | 0.999 |
  Tetraconazole | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.9) | 0 | 0.479 |
 Disinfectant | ||||
  Benzalkonium chloride | 4 (5.6) | 1 (2.9) | 3 (8.1) | 0.616 |
 Preservative agent | ||||
  2-Phenylphenol | 1 (1.4) | 0 | 1 (2.7) | 0.999 |
 Presence of pesticides with endocrine activity* | 26 (36.6) | 17 (50) | 9 (24.3) | 0.046 |