Impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on soil microbial community depending on functionalization, concentration, exposure time, and soil texture

Grün, Anna-Lena; Manz, Werner; Kohl, Yvonne Lydia; Meier, Florian; Straskraba, Susanne; Jost, Carsten; Drexel, Roland; Emmerling, Christoph

doi:10.1186/s12302-019-0196-y

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 3 Results of the (M)ANOVA including the main factors agent species, concentration, and time, N = 2400

From: Impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on soil microbial community depending on functionalization, concentration, exposure time, and soil texture

Factor	Factor level	MANOVA			ANOVA
		df	F (Pillai’s trace)	p	LAP activitiy		Microbial biomass		16S rRNA		nifH		amoA		Actinobacteria		Acidobacteria		Alpha-Proteobacteria		Bacteroidetes		Beta-Proteobacteria
		df	F (Pillai’s trace)	p	Mean	Sp	Mean	Sp	Mean	Sp	Mean	Sp	Mean	Sp	Mean	Sp	Mean	Sp	Mean	Sp	Mean	Sp	Mean	Sp
Agent species		4	18.8	***	15.6	***	29.3	***	38.3	***	40.7	***	35.3	***	16.0	***	41.5	***	5.6	***	26.1	***	112.5	***
	AgPure				96.5	ab	93.9	ab	96.9	abc	96.2	abc	107.4	ab	91.9	ab	100.6	ab	96.1	a	96.5	abc	87.7	abcd
	Ag10-COOH				106.6	acd	103.6	acde	108.1	ad	108.3	ad	102.1	acde	105.7	acd	88.5	acde	94.8	b	92.0	adef	102.4	aefg
	Ag10-NH₂				95.1	ce	111.9	bcfg	92.0	def	93.5	def	92.9	bcfg	104.2	be	78.7	bcfg	95.8	c	96.6	dgh	97.2	beh
	AgNO₃				103.5	f	93.7	df	105.0	beg	106.4	beg	108.4	df	88.7	cef	105.0	df	103.4	abcd	103.5	begi	94.3	cfi
	KNO₃				116.3	bdef	92.2	eg	111.7	cfg	112.0	cfg	107.8	eg	98.2	df	100.5	eg	94.6	d	100.0	cfhi	108.7	dghi
Concentration (mg/kg)		2	6.7	***	4.9	**	16.2	***	1.7	ns	1.3	ns	13.5	***	6.4	**	6.2	**	0.9	ns	1.9	ns	6.7	**
	0.01				107.5	a	94.3	ab	103.7		102.8		104.1	a	102.9	ab	97.1	a	96.2		97.3		96.5	a
	0.10				100.1	a	98.9	ac	102.8		102.2		106.5	b	94.3	a	91.5	a	96.6		97.3		97.4	b
	1.00				103.2		104.1	bc	101.4		104.3		100.3	ab	96.0	b	95.2		98.1		98.4		99.8	ab
Exposure time (days)		3	56.0	***	139.5	***	72.7	***	47.5	***	98.0	***	59.0	***	17.8	***	31.3	***	47.8	***	176.7	***	68.0	***
	1				86.9	ab	84.5	abc	95.1	ab	91.2	abc	99.9	a	94.9	ab	93.3	ab	100.0	ab	110.4	abc	92.4	ab
	14				137.3	acd	113.2	ade	113.0	acd	108.5	ade	114.4	abc	105.5	ac	104.9	acd	96.3	cd	97.9	ad	103.3	ac
	28				96.5	bc	102.3	bdf	97.1	ce	96.8	bdf	103.5	bd	88.4	bcd	95.7	ce	108.0	ace	95.5	be	101.6	bd
	90				93.6	d	96.4	cef	104.9	bde	115.6	cef	96.8	cd	100.3	d	84.4	bde	84.2	bde	86.8	cde	94.5	cd
Factor combination
Agent × concentration		8	5.7	***	8.3	***	3.9	***	8.5	***	4.2	***	3.3	**	3.1	**	6.3	***	1.9	ns	8.5	***	17.5	***
Agent × time		12	14.5	***	13.5	***	54.1	***	23.9	***	75.0	***	40.1	***	24.0	***	20.6	***	13.4	***	54.8	***	86.0	***
Concentration × time		6	8.0	***	2.3	*	19.3	***	2.8	*	3.7	**	6.7	***	7.8	***	6.0	***	1.5	ns	23.8	***	47.6	***
Agent × concentration × time		22	4.8	***	4.2	***	7.5	***	3.1	***	7.2	***	5.1	***	6.5	***	4.3	***	4.2	***	6.1	***	19.9	***
R²					0.823		0.882		0.809		0.900		0.850		0.789		0.800		0.722		0.903		0.936

The relative variations (%) were set as dependent variable. The factors were set as independent variable
Sp significant pairs of multiple comparisons within a factor (post-hoc test), ns not significant
Underlined values = F- and p-value of the ANOVA
*** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05
a, b, c, d = pairs of significant group mean differences

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