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Fig. 3 | Environmental Sciences Europe

Fig. 3

From: Detection of chemically induced ecotoxicological effects in rivers of the Nidda catchment (Hessen, Germany) and development of an ecotoxicological, Water Framework Directive–compliant assessment system

Fig. 3

Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Mean and standard error of percentage mortality (a, c, e) and mean and standard deviation of embryo numbers (b, d, f) in active biomonitoring campaigns at the rivers Nidda, Usa and Horloff (Field) and in laboratory experiments with combined water/sediment samples (Lab) of the corresponding sampling sites. Significant differences in mortality compared to the corresponding reference site N1, U1 or H1 (shaded) were determined using Fisher’s exact test. Significant differences in embryo numbers in the field in comparison with the corresponding reference site were determined via unpaired t test. Significant differences in reproductive output in the lab compared to the corresponding reference site were determined using Mann–Whitney test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, nField = 6, nLab = 40

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