Fig. 1From: A unified approach for including non-extractable residues (NER) of chemicals and pesticides in the assessment of persistenceExtraction scheme. Proposed scheme of extraction steps for deriving extractable fractions and investigating NER. Alkaline humic matter extraction can be used as an alternative to direct silylation of the NER containing matrix, e.g., soil. Then, each humic matter fraction (fulvic and humic acids and humin) derived by alkaline extraction has to be silylated to enable the differentiation of type I and type II NER. Amino acid extraction can be additionally performed with the whole sample prior to any extraction. The difference to the amount of bioNER can be considered as the amount of labelled biomolecules that may be extracted in the step 1 proceduresBack to article page