Table 1 Measured metformin concentrations in medium and tissue, mortality, biometric data, biochemical, developmental and behavioural parameters of brown trout larvae exposed to metformin

Measured metformin water concentrations (µg/L)

< LoQ

0.8 ± 0.2

8.1 ± 0.5

97.0 ± 11.4

950.9 ± 108.1

< LoQ

0.8 ± 0.2

8.6 ± 0.9

98.7 ± 5.2

921.1 ± 106.4

Metformin tissue concentration (ng/g) wet weight

< LoQ

< LoQ

4

42

56

< LoQ

< LoQ

5

42

234

Mortality (%)

2.0 ± 1.6

0.7 ± 0.9

1.3 ± 0.9

1.3 ± 0.9

1.3 ± 0.9

3.3 ± 2.5

1.3 ± 0.9

4.0 ± 2.8

2.7 ± 0.9

0.7 ± 0.9

Heart rate (bpm)

77.4 ± 7.0

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

74.4 ± 6.2

98.2 ± 12.2

n.e.

n.e.

n.e.

100.6 ± 10.8

Mean time to hatch (dpf)

54.5 ± 2.5

54.8 ± 2.7

53.9 ± 2.8

54.1 ± 3.0

54.6 ± 2.8

51.4 ± 1.2

51.4 ± 1.4

51.4 ± 1.4

51.0 ± 1.1

51.2 ± 1.3

Body weight (g)

0.545 ± 0.09

0.506 ± 0.09

0.480 ± 0.09*

0.491 ± 0.09*

0.566 ± 0.09

0.959 ± 0.26

0.769 ± 0.29*

0.902 ± 0.25

0.885 ± 0.23

0.829 ± 0.26

Body length (cm)

3.5 ± 0.2

3.4 ± 0.2

3.5 ± 0.2

3.5 ± 0.2

3.6 ± 0.2

4.2 ± 0.4

4.2 ± 0.5

4.2 ± 0.4

4.3 ± 0.4

4.2 ± 0.4

Hepatic glycogen content (µg/µL)

9.75 ± 3.94

14.75 ± 1.77

14.19 ± 3.84

13.38 ± 2.97

12.07 ± 5.65

10.07 ± 4.55

15.28 ± 2.13*

13.25 ± 2.41

11.04 ± 3.60

11.78 ± 3.37

Hsp70 level (rel. grey value)

1.05 ± 0.24

0.99 ± 0.13

1.07 ± 0.20

1.03 ± 0.19

0.97 ± 0.19

1.04 ± 0.27

0.95 ± 0.25

0.97 ± 0.15

0.87 ± 0.23

0.88 ± 0.21

Total distance moved (cm)

2119.49 ± 664.19

2321.80 ± 1020.74

2407.21 ± 1034.18

2218.53 ± 1087.29

2321.57 ± 695.89

1414.14 ± 889.91

1337.55 ± 388.98

1461.24 ± 515.14

1464.91 ± 582.54

1437.23 ± 515.47

Mean velocity (cm/s)

1.96 ± 0.62

2.15 ± 0.95

2.23 ± 0.96

2.06 ± 1.01

2.15 ± 0.64

1.31 ± 0.82

1.24 ± 0.36

1.35 ± 0.48

1.36 ± 0.54

1.33 ± 0.48