Fig. 4

Effect of neem oil (a.s. azadirachtin)-spiked oatmeal in coconut fiber substrate and tropical artificial soil at 20 °C on the emergence rate (± standard deviation) of Bradysia impatiens. *Significant difference between treatment and solvent control (χ2-test with Bonferroni correction, one-sided smaller, p ≤ 0.05). a.s. active substance. 1)Concentration not tested