Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on major soil bacterial phyla of a loamy soil

Grün, Anna-Lena; Emmerling, Christoph

doi:10.1186/s12302-018-0160-2

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 2 Summary of the relative variations of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, alpha-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and beta-Proteobacteria compared to the untreated control related to AgNP and Ag⁺ exposure over 1 year in a loamy soil

From: Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on major soil bacterial phyla of a loamy soil

Day	Conc. (µg/kg)	Copy gene number/g soil relative to the untreated control (%)
		Acidobacteria				Actinobacteria				alpha-Proteobacteria				Bacteroidetes				beta-Proteobacteria
		AgNP		Ag⁺		AgNP		Ag⁺		AgNP		Ag⁺		AgNP		Ag⁺		AgNP		Ag⁺
		x	σ	x	σ	x	σ	x	σ	x	σ	x	σ	x	σ	x	σ	x	σ	x	σ
1	0	0.00	7.67	0.00	7.67	0.00	4.87	0.00	4.87	0.00	9.60	0.00	9.60	0.00	5.58	0.00	5.58	0.00	5.92	0.00	5.92
	10	43.95*	13.40	39.85	22.08	21.13*	6.87	− 16.03	15.79	0.53	17.60	4.03	22.67	14.55	7.07	22.08*	7.34	− 14.15*	4.78	− 1.40	9.27
	100	− 1.38	25.03	3.43	34.96	2.15	8.22	− 26.37*	15.28	14.15	16.18	− 1.50	22.28	17.43*	10.60	39.95**	8.88	− 6.95	9.44	− 30.50**	6.98
	1000	5.68	17.95	31.40	18.47	0.38	15.94	36.55**	6.64	14.43	14.99	5.00	16.13	19.50*	6.53	37.30**	10.09	4.75	3.21	− 17.93*	4.73
7	0	0.00	12.28	0.00	12.28	0.00	7.02	0.00	7.02	0.00	7.22	0.00	7.22	0.00	5.42	0.00	5.42	0.00	7.49	0.00	7.49
	10	− 10.85	9.98	11.75	9.06	15.48	6.16	− 12.30	17.33	− 17.78*	3.84	− 6.38	12.64	24.25*	9.42	25.23**	6.29	− 28.35**	5.86	− 9.38	7.39
	100	− 17.45	16.12	3.53	5.95	− 0.30	7.80	/	/	− 0.43	3.05	10.38	10.39	17.63*	6.43	23.05**	4.09	− 11.80	9.08	− 1.43	7.55
	1000	− 11.63	12.28	0.98	10.74	15.80	13.04	− 10.68	13.16	− 5.43	6.68	− 7.05	15.42	24.95**	2.39	11.15*	3.82	− 24.15**	3.16	46.03**	7.64
14	0	0.00	9.28	0.00	9.28	0.00	3.48	0.00	3.48	0.00	9.21	0.00	9.21	0.00	4.69	0.00	4.69	0.00	10.69	0.00	10.69
	10	5.18	10.07	23.90**	8.50	12.88	12.71	10.70*	2.89	− 11.35	9.51	− 1.30	4.47	− 11.78*	1.21	− 1.43	2.71	− 10.80	1.71	− 2.10	1.54
	100	6.45	3.31	8.38	7.32	16.93	4.45	− 5.90	10.05	− 7.03	7.22	6.28	11.73	− 3.93	6.08	2.25	3.55	− 2.13	3.43	11.55	8.16
	1000	− 21.00*	12.45	12.23	5.11	− 8.65	11.53	− 27.62**	6.19	− 20.95*	10.01	5.05	10.67	− 16.43**	7.08	− 4.60	2.21	− 19.05	7.69	3.10	4.41
28	0	0.00	7.82	0.00	7.82	0.00	7.63	0.00	7.63	0.00	11.99	0.00	11.99	0.00	3.94	0.00	3.94	0.00	2.68	0.00	2.68
	10	− 1.28	2.25	10.28	5.55	− 20.00*	8.13	− 17.40	1.40	4.40	3.24	29.00**	6.45	4.78	2.00	− 4.40	4.67	− 14.28**	5.34	10.65	6.28
	100	− 4.93	3.11	4.23	10.24	− 21.60**	2.06	− 11.08	12.82	12.98	13.88	22.35*	3.98	0.25	1.27	− 0.90	7.32	− 12.48**	3.81	15.93*	7.93
	1000	2.45	2.93	6.55	10.96	− 19.53*	6.28	− 10.33	6.02	10.50	4.99	22.10*	4.15	3.05	1.35	9.83	4.18	11.30*	2.63	6.95	1.85
90	0	0.00	2.59	0.00	2.59	0.00	9.04	0.00	9.04	0.00	5.28	0.00	5.28	0.00	3.26	0.00	3.26	0.00	4.64	0.00	4.64
	10	− 31.33**	3.49	− 17.88*	8.64	− 22.40*	12.68	− 25.30*	4.74	− 20.38**	5.39	− 18.08**	3.77	− 21.98**	3.05	− 19.05*	2.23	− 30.10**	1.53	− 22.68**	1.83
	100	6.50	5.04	− 30.35**	4.66	− 23.88*	11.84	− 28.00**	9.43	− 20.15**	3.62	− 20.40**	2.99	− 22.55**	4.11	− 17.83*	7.44	− 33.23**	5.30	− 13.05*	4.00
	1000	− 2.85	6.32	− 31.53**	12.22	− 35.20**	4.20	− 15.15	11.50	− 24.53**	6.42	− 12.08*	5.06	− 25.15**	4.51	− 21.05*	11.34	− 20.03**	4.11	− 28.70**	4.61
180	0	0.00	9.76	0.00	9.76	0.00	12.16	0.00	12.16	0.00	8.09	0.00	8.09	0.00	8.29	0.00	8.29	0.00	5.63	0.00	5.63
	10	15.83	12.47	− 6.53	10.25	− 18.05	5.96	− 26.00*	6.91	− 14.70	8.82	− 26.70*	11.35	− 10.23	3.73	− 22.43**	6.32	− 19.68**	2.90	− 14.35**	4.77
	100	4.23	14.08	− 14.55	8.45	− 34.68	22.77	− 29.08**	9.60	− 9.85	8.52	− 17.48	11.11	− 14.40	3.61	− 30.30**	5.18	− 29.23**	6.35	− 14.55**	3.75
	1000	3.75	8.24	− 28.25**	4.46	− 2.50	19.79	− 20.33*	2.70	− 19.50*	4.64	− 40.65**	6.05	− 10.60	1.69	18.73*	7.04	− 19.30**	3.23	− 3.05	3.77
365	0	0.00	4.95	0.00	4.95	0.00	8.06	0.00	8.06	0.00	1.68	0.00	1.68	0.00	2.07	0.00	2.07	0.00	1.95	0.00	1.95
	10	− 14.45**	2.77	− 5.78	4.02	4.83	9.46	− 2.65	2.37	− 1.35	3.38	15.60**	4.59	− 10.10**	3.74	− 25.78*	6.30	− 13.85**	1.51	− 14.80**	3.52
	100	− 7.48	5.86	− 3.78	7.11	6.63	12.52	− 11.80	5.66	− 6.18	3.37	1.03	2.39	− 20.70**	2.43	− 2.18	4.22	− 17.58**	1.78	− 28.08**	2.51
	1000	− 7.10	5.13	− 2.95	6.10	− 7.93	8.00	− 24.13**	7.19	− 0.03	3.47	− 4.03	3.10	− 23.15**	4.07	− 16.45*	5.10	− 27.10**	2.23	− 16.85**	4.43

Underlined values highlight significant relationships between groups of different concentrations of one agent (AgPure or Ag⁺) (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). * Indicates significant results of pairwise comparisons (p) of the post hoc test related to negative control (p ≤ 0.05). ** Indicate significant results of pairwise comparisons (p) of the post hoc test related to negative control (p ≤ 0.005). x = mean, σ = standard deviation

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