Table 1 Studies combining leaching tests and bioassays
Sample type | Leaching test fraction for bioassay water quality | Test species and standard for bioassays | Resultsa | Literature source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Two PAC (waterproof layer) | Column percolation Fraction for bioassays selected according to total organic carbon content Drinking water | Vibrio fischeri DIN ISO 11348-2 | No toxicity observed | Wagner [63] |
Desmodesmus subspicatus DIN 38412-33 | PAC1: LID > 16 PAC2: LID > 1024 | |||
PVC/PU floor | EN 12457-4 One-stage batch L/S 10 L/kg Deionized water | Daphnia magna ISO 6341:1996 | EC50, 24 h = 71 g/L EC50, 48 h = 52 g/L | Lithner et al. [74] |
HDPE, MDPE, ABS, PVC, PP water pipes | Batch test 72 h, L/S 6–15 L/kg Deionized water | Daphnia magna ISO 6341:1996 | No toxicity observed | Lithner et al. [74] |
Recycled polypropylene/wood composites | EN 12457-1 One-stage batch Deionized water | Vibrio fischeri | DF50 > 2 (i.e., 50% eluate in test samples) | Sudár et al. [61] |
Four anti-corrosion coatings based on epoxy resins Coatings were cured before testing for 1 or 7 days | Non-standardized tank test, continuous turbulence of the eluent Ultrapure water | Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence, Microtox assay | Product 1: LID1 day 1282; LID7 days 171 Product 2: LID1 day < 2; LID7 days 2 Product 3: LID1 day 4; LID7 days 8 Product 4: no toxicity observed | Vermeirssen et al. [44] |
Pseudokirchnerialla subcapitata Photosynthesis, growth rate | Product 1: no toxicity observed Product 2: no toxicity observed Product 3: LID1Â day 4; LID7Â days 10 Product 4: no toxicity observed | |||
Ceriodaphnia dubia ISO/CD 20665 and AFNOR T90-376 | Product 1: LID1Â day 5; LID7Â days 8 Product 2: LID1Â day 2; LID7Â days 22 Product 3: LID1Â day 10; LID7Â days 67 Product 4: LID1Â day 3; LID7Â days 2 | |||
Organic render containing either free or encapsulated biocides (terbutryn, OIT, DCOIT) compared to render without biocides | EN 16105 (intermittent water contact), eluates from 1st and 9th immersion cycle Deionized water | Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata Photosynthesis, growth rate | Free: 1st: EC50 = 630 9th: EC50 = 120 Encapsulated: 1st: EC50 = 130 9th: EC50 = 30 | Burkhardt et al. [75] |
Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence | Free: 1st: EC50 = 58 9th: EC50 = 4.6 Encapsulated: 1st: EC50 = 5.0 9th: no toxicity observed | |||
Ceriodaphnia dubia ISO/CD 20665 and AFNOR T90-376 | Free: 1st: EC50 = 21 9th: EC50 = 7.0 Encapsulated: 1st: EC50 = 6.5 9th: no toxicity observed | |||
Eisenia fetida ISO 17512-1 | No toxicity observed | |||
Folsomia fimetaria OECD 232 | No toxicity observed | |||
Three reactive flame-proof coatings | CEN/TS 16337-2 DSLT Fraction 1 + 2 Fraction 7 Deionized water | Danio rerio DIN EN ISO 15088 | No toxicity observed | Heisterkamp et al. [30] |
umu-Test ISO 13829 | No genotoxicity observed | |||
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata ISO 8692 | Fraction 1 + 2: P1: LID = 16; P2: LID = 2, P3: LID = 3 Fraction 7: P1: LID = 32; P2: LID = 1, P3: LID = 8 | |||
Daphnia magna DIN EN ISO 6341 | Fraction 7: P1: LID = 6 Other fractions: no toxicity observed | |||
Vibrio fischeri DIN EN ISO 11348-2 | Fraction 1 + 2: P1: LID = 24, P2 and P3 no toxicity Fraction 7: P1: LID = 256, P2: LID = 16, P3: LID = 12 | |||
EPDM SBR EL | E DIN 1957/DIN 19529 Batch test L/S = 2 L/kg Ultrapure water | Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata ISO 8692 | EPDM, SBR, EL: LID = 33 | Krüger et al. [62] |
Daphnia magna ISO 6341 | EPDM: LID > 243; SBR: LID = 27; El: LID > 28 | |||
Four complete artificial turf systems | DIN 19528 column percolation test Ultrapure water | Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata ISO 8692 | P1 and P3: LID = 10 P2 and P4: LID = 3 | Krüger et al. [62] |
Daphnia magna ISO 6341 | P1 and P4: LID = 9 P2: LID = 27 P3: no toxicity observed |