Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 5 Linear regression parameters quantifying the changes in wheat phenological development in the four regions during the baseline period

From: Abundance of adverse environmental conditions during critical stages of crop production in Northern Germany

	DH			UE			FL			OS
	Estimate	R²/n	p value	Estimate	R²/n	p value	Estimate	R²/n	p value	Estimate	R²/n	p value
	[d] [d/y]	R²/n	p value	[d] [d/y]	R²/n	p value	[d] [d/y]	R²/n	p value	[d] [d/y]	R²/n	p value
Stem elongation	118 ± 13	0.09		123 ± 16	0.01		126 ± 9	0.07		129 ± 42	0.02
Stem elongation	− 0.48 ± 0.12	162	0.0E+00***	− 0.23 ± 0.14	202	9.3E−02	− 0.52 ± 0.41	25	2.2E−01	− 1.26 ± 2.19	18	5.7E−01
Flowering	155 ± 9	0.13		156 ± 11	0.13		155 ± 12	0.02		157 ± 33	0
Flowering	− 0.41 ± 0.08	169	1.3E−06***	− 0.49 ± 0.09	218	4.2E−08***	− 0.23 ± 0.20	56	2.6E−01	0.28 ± 0.99	22	7.8E−01
Milk ripeness	191 ± 14	0.35		187 ± 13	0.05		187 ± 14	0.34		172 ± 20	0.05
Milk ripeness	− 1.34 ± 0.22	69	9.1E−08***	− 0.52 ± 0.23	104	2.2E−02*	− 2.01 ± 0.73	17	1.4E−02	− 0.84 ± 1.22	12	5.1E−01
Harvest	224 ± 12	0.2		224 ± 12	0.11		221 ± 14	0.01		214 ± 11	0
Harvest	− 0.66 ± 0.10	180	4.0E−10***	− 0.51 ± 0.10	224	4.2E−07***	0.32 ± 0.63	25	6.2E−01	0.07 ± 0.38	30	8.5E−01
Sowing	289 ± 16	0		287 ± 12	0.08		285 ± 9	0.05		286 ± 18	0
Sowing	0.08 ± 0.16	175	5.8E−01	− 0.43 ± 0.10	224	2.8E−05***	− 0.43 ± 0.42	23	3.2E−01	− 0.23 ± 0.64	31	7.3E−01
Emergence	299 ± 33	0.01		301 ± 15	0.08		301 ± 10	0.03		299 ± 19	0
Emergence	− 0.44 ± 0.32	164	1.8E−01	− 0.54 ± 0.13	210	3.2E−05***	− 0.39 ± 0.46	23	4.1E−01	− 0.1 ± 0.68	30	8.8E−01

Significance levels are denoted as followed: “.” for 0.1, “*” for 0.05, “**” for 0.01, and “***” for 0.001

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