Table 1 Example monitoring data from Europe regarding PFBS, PFBA and PFHxA
From: Short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids: environmental concerns and a regulatory strategy under REACH
Sampling | Short-chain PFAA and concentrationa | Reference/sampling year |
|---|---|---|
Tab water [ng/L] | ||
France, 8 locations | PFBS: 3.2 (32%); | [19] |
PFHxA: nd | Sampling year: 2014 | |
Germany, 26 locations | PFBS: 2.7 (42%) | [21] |
PFHxA: 2 (23%) | ||
PFBA 2 (19%) | ||
Spain, 84 locations | PFBA: 10 (52%) | [22] |
PFHxA: 4.7 (18%) | Sampling year: 2010–2011 | |
PFBS: 8.3 (35%) | ||
Surface water [ng/L] | ||
Spain, Ebro | PFBA: 35.2 (58%) | [23] |
PFHxA: 1.7 (8%) | Sampling year: 2010 | |
PFBS: nd | ||
Spain, Guadalquivir | PFBA: 214.3 (92%) | |
PFHxA: nd | ||
PFBS: 10.1 (8%) | ||
Germany, Elbe | PFBA: 2.6 (100%) | [24] |
PFBS: 7.5 (100%) | Sampling year: 2015 | |
PFHxA: 1.5 (100%) | ||
Germany, Saale | PFBA: 0.5 (100%) | |
PFBS: 4.3 (100%) | ||
PFHxA: 4 (100%) | ||
Snow [ng/L] | ||
European Alps | PFBA: 0.69 | [25] |
PFHxA: 0.06 | Sampling year: 2008 | |
Sediments [ng/g dw] | ||
Baltic sea | PFBS: 0.00017 (75%) | [26] |
PFHxA: 0.115 (100%) | Sampling year: 2013–2014 | |
Organisms [ng/g ww] | ||
Baltic sea | [26] | |
Zooplankton | PFBS/PFHxA: nd | Sampling year: 2013–2014 |
Herring | PFBS/PFHxA: nd | |
Sprat | PFBS/PFHxA: nd | |
Guillemot egg | PFBS: 0.0035 (100%) | |
PFHxA: 0.0026 (50%) | ||
Ingolstadt, Germany | [27] | |
Wild boar | PFHxA: 0.49 (66%) | Sampling year: 2011–2012 |
PFBA: 0.73 (100%) | ||
PFBS: 0.25 (53%) | ||
Svalbard, Norway | [20] | |
Reindeer | PFBA: 0.42 (56%) | |
Ebro, Spain | [23] | |
Fish | PFBS: 4.9 (69%) | Sampling year: 2010 |
PFBA: 0.6 (31%) | ||
PFHxA: 268.4 (56%) | ||