Table 1 Cross-Country Tabulation of Munitions Remediation and Governance
From: Munitions and explosives of concern: international governance and applications for the United States
|  | Who is in charge of regulation? | Who is responsible for initiating remediation? | Guidelines to remediation? | How is risk addressed? | How is ‘clean’ defined? | Distribution of MEC? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United States | EPA through CERCLA and imminent and substantial endangerment provisions of the safe drinking water act and the military munitions rule | Local property owner (most properties are owned by the DOD, although EPA assists with oversight) | LRAs | Risk is discussed through MEC HA, qualitatively discussed | No standard definition, determined on a case-by-case basis | Former military testing facilities |
United Kingdom | Local authorities unless designated as a special site (under EA's jurisdiction) or is owned by the MOD (under MOD's jurisdiction) | Property owners | Private industry: CIRIA MOD: LQAs and LQS | No standard definition, qualitatively discussed | No standard definition, determined on a case-by-case basis | Throughout the country |
Germany | Determined by the state | Property owners (most properties are owned by the government) | None | There is national discussion of risk, and models have been developed and qualitatively discussed | No standard definition. Determined on a case-by-case basis | Abandoned military sites |
Canada | Federal Government (CCME and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act) and provinces | Property owners (most properties are owned by the government) | National Contaminated Sites Remediation Program, DND, and DCC | Risk assessments are performed and qualitatively discussed | ‘Clean’ defined by XRRSC or the CCME, no site can be fully ‘clean’, determined on a case-by-case basis | Former military testing facilities and offshore sites |