Screening for ecotoxicological effects of antiepileptic drugs in biologically treated waste water originating from an epilepsy ward by Danio rerio embryos

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 1 Maximum concentrations of pharmaceuticals in municipal WWTP effluents and rivers

Analyte	Concentration at WWTP effluents (μg L^-1)	Concentration in rivers and streams (μg L^-1)
Lipid regulators
Bezafibrate	4.6 [3]	3.1 [3]
Gemfibrozil	1.5 [3]	0.51 [3]
Metabolites of lipid regulators
Clofibric acid	1.6 [3]	0.55 [3]
Fenofibric acid	1.2 [3]	0.28 [3]
Antiphlogistics
Diclofenac	2.1 [3]	1.2 [3]
Diclofenac	1.76 [4]
Acetylsalicylic acid	12.1 [4]
Ibuprofen	3.4 [3]	0.53 [3]
Acetaminophen	6.0 [3]	n.d. [3]
Mefenamic acid	1.36 [4]
Paracetamol	24.5 [5]	1.5 [5]
Tramadol	97.6 [5]	5.97 [5]
Metabolites of antiphlogistics
Salicylic acid	0.14 [3]	4.1 [3]
Gentisic acid	0.59 [3]	1.2 [3]
Betablockers
Metoprolol	2.2 [3]	2.2 [3]
Bisoprolol	0.37 [3]	2.9 [3]
Stimulant
Caffeine	3.18 [4]
Antibiotics
Lincomycin	45.7 [4]
Sulfathiazole	2.77 [4]
Trimethoprim	2.0 [4]
Ciprofloxacin	2.05 [4]
H₂ receptor antagonist
Cimetidine	9.4 [5]	0.2 [5]
Antiepileptic drugs
Gabapentin	42.6 [5]	1.9 [5]
Carbamazepine	6.3 [3]	1.1 [3]
Carbamazepine	21.6 [4]	0.3 [5]
	4.6 [5]

n.d., no data; WWTP, waste water treatment plant. Data were taken from the reviews and screenings [3, 6–8]. Empty fields: concentrations are not given in [3, 6–8].