Farmer’s choice of seeds in four EU countries under different levels of GM crop adoption

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 1 Maize yields in Hg/Ha by agroecosystem ¹ (1995–2011)

Country or group Year:	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	Avg.	Ratio²
USA	71230	79776	79522	84382	83978	85910	86732	81179	89245	100636	92852	93576	94584	96596	103389	95923	92366	88934	1
Austria	85010	86200	97800	96140	95919	98569	90869	96767	98541	108834	106570	92373	99277	110633	105910	120645	183919	104352	0.85
France	77172	83817	90592	84525	89482	90768	85637	89787	71165	89906	82539	87202	96727	92994	91008	88956	101901	87893	1.01
Germany	73664	78254	86266	81561	87850	92119	88377	93755	73845	91250	92139	80307	94475	98099	97500	87854	106230	88444	1.01
Netherlands	70444	80000	50394	110000	70188	110000	88971	133029	116667	118163	122003	91529	119482	114163	130266	117673	123356	103902	0.86
Spain	72458	85308	91500	94731	94807	92157	97207	95141	90408	100690	96099	97436	100026	99060	101220	99245	104692	94834	0.94
Switzerland	86208	88366	95583	92511	91606	99545	92194	94996	42989	96136	96497	84488	101694	97026	104131	94360	96999	91490	0.97
Proportion GM (%)
USA*			8	25	40	25	26	34	39	44	51	60	73	80	85	86	88
Spain³				4							11	17	21	30	21	25	27

¹ Hectograms/hectare. Range of GM area is from 4% to 85% and proportions taken from GMO Compass or USDA^*, or from acreage reported on GMO Compass and total acreage for corresponding year from FAOSTAT (http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html#DOWNLOAD).
^*http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-us.aspx.
² Ratio is (average yield in USA)/(average yield of country in corresponding row).
³ Proportions of GM cultivation in maize only reported in 1998, 2005–2011. Intervening years had GM cultivation.