Table 4 Effects of TiO 2 (P25) in the earthworm reproduction test
From: Influence of application techniques on the ecotoxicological effects of nanomaterials in soil
Test concentration [mg/kg]1 | Mortality [%] | Mean biomass per vessel at test start ± SD2[g]1 | Biomass per vessel at test end ± SD2[g]1 | Increase in biomass of adult worms after 28 d [%]3 | Number of juveniles per test vessel ± SD2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 (control) | 0 | 3.29 ± 0.24 | 5.47 ± 0.36 | 67 | 212 ± 46 |
Application via powder on soil | |||||
50 | 0 | 3.37 ± 0.43 | 5.80 ± 0.15 | 74 | 295 ± 44 * |
100 | 0 | 3.49 ± 0.13 | 5.47 ± 0.10 | 57 | 299 ± 74 |
200 | 0 | 3.45 ± 0.14 | 5.47 ± 0.11 | 59 | 315 ± 42 |
Application via powder on food | |||||
50 | 0 | 3.36 ± 0.25 | 5.48 ± 0.32 | 63 | 280 ± 84 |
100 | 0 | 3.17 ± 0.26 | 5.41 ± 0.33 | 71 | 309 ± 67 * |
200 | 0 | 3.29 ± 0.27 | 5.37 ± 0.33 | 63 | 333 ± 71 * |
Application via dispersion on soil | |||||
10 | 0 | 3.25 ± 0.12 | 5.15 ± 0.12 | 58 * | 326 ± 74 * |
20 | 0 | 3.33 ± 0.25 | 5.69 ± 0.15 | 71 | 321 ± 14 * |
Application via dispersion on food | |||||
10 | 0 | 3.23 ± 0.09 | 5.04 ± 0.10 | 56 * | 280 ± 52 |
20 | 0 | 3.21 ± 0.16 | 5.26 ± 0.13 | 64 | 279 ± 12 |