Table 3 Processes which may regulate population density in several taxonomic groups
Relevant aspects for population development | Aquatic organisms (e.g. crustaceans) | Honeybees | Birds | Mammals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Reproduction/development | Juvenile production/production of ephippia | Removal of larvae at low food Production of workers/drones Earlier development of foragers Swarming (division of colonies) | Reduced number of clutches Missed breeding season Nest abandonment Hatch success Clutch size | Delayed implantation Resorption of litters Reduced litter size Age at weaning Delayed sexual maturity Loss of litter/embryo survival |
Survival | Survival Life span | Survival of larvae/adults Life span | Chick/adult survival Survival of dispersers Life span | Juvenile/adult survival Survival of dispersers Life span |
Spatial and other behaviours | Â | Swarming (dispersal by swarming) | Giving up of home ranges Disperal | Giving up of home ranges Disperal |