Table 2 Parameters which might be taken into account for population model validation for pesticide risk assessments
Relevant aspects for population development | Aquatic organisms (e.g. crustaceans) | Honeybees | Birds | Mammals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Reproduction | Proportion of adults with eggs Occurrence of ephippia or resting stages Age structure (adults/subadults or moult stages) Onset and speed of recruitment Population growth rates Population dynamics | Number and proportion of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults per season Percentage of drone eggs during the year Hive population dynamics Annual production of honey | Number of clutches per year Number of chicks per lifetime Age structure Proportion of breeding females and males Onset and speed of recruitment Population growth rates Population dynamics | Number of litters per year Number of litters per lifetime Age structure Proportion of breeding females and males Onset and speed of recruitment Population growth rates Population dynamics |
Survival | Age structure (adults/subadults) Development of 'new' populations from ephippia Population growth rates Population dynamics | Number and proportion of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults per season Life span of adults Cannibalism of larvae Hive population dynamics Annual production of honey | Age structure Life span Recruitment in the breeding season Population growth rates Population dynamics | Age structure Life span Recruitment in the breeding season Population growth rates Population dynamics |
Spatial and other behaviours | Horizontal and vertical distribution Immigration from neighbouring water bodies Response to weather, temperature or environmental changes | Food site selection (e.g. flowering fields) Speed of detection of resources Number of nectar and pollen foragers Time and frequency of foraging trips Influence of weather conditions on foraging activity | Distribution of breeding and foraging territories or home ranges Habitat preference Size of home ranges (per season) Proportion of breeding pairs Dispersal (e.g. after harvesting or high densities) | Distribution of home ranges Habitat preference Habitat specific population densities Size of home ranges (per season) Dispersal (e.g. after harvesting or high densities) |