Substance | Experimental animal | Dosage and length of exposure | Effects/dosage | Serum concentration according to dosage | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PFOS | Mouse (C57BL/6) | 5, 20, and 40 mg/kg BW/day; 7 days | Food intake, body weight ↓; liver mass, serum corticosterone concentration ↑; and from 20 mg/kg: lymphatic cells↓, depression of natural killer cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and antibody forming plasma cells | 110.5 to 338 mg/L | Zheng et al. [296] |
 | Male mouse (C57BL/6) | 8.33, 83.3, 416, 833, and 2, 083 μg/kg BW/day; 60 days | From 83.3 μg/kg BW/day: liver mass ↑, altered lymphocyte proliferation, and activity of natural killer cells: depression of antibody forming plasma cells NOAEL: 8.33 μg/kg BW/day, LOAEL: 83.3 μg/kg BW/day | 0.674 ± 0.166 mg/L and 7.132 ± 1.039 mg/La | Dong et al. [297] |
 | Mouse (B6C3F1) | 0.166, 1.66, 3.31, 16.6, 33.1, and 166 μg/kg BW/day; 28 days | At the three highest dosages: activity of the natural killer cells ↑ in male mice, altered T cells, and IgM ↓ LOAEL: 1.66 and 16.6 μg/kg BW/day for male or female animals, respectively | 0.092 ± 0.022 mg/kgb and 0.67 ± 0.11 mg/kg, respectively | Peden-Adams et al. [210] |
 | Female mouse (B6C3F1) | 0.005 and 0.025 mg/kg BW/day | Body weight, immune resistance, and survival rate with influenza A virus infection ↓ | 2.1 ± 0.3 mg/L (control), 189 ± 14 mg/L, and 670 ± 47 mg/L | Guruge et al. [214] |
 | Male mouse (C57BL/6) | 0.001% to 1% in feed; 10 days | At > 0.02%: clinical effects; at 0.02%: weight ↓, hepatomegaly, atrophy of the thymus, spleen, and fat tissue, thymus and spleen cells ↓ by 84% and 43% | 50.8 ± 2.5 mg/L to 340 ± 16 mg/L | Qazi et al. [213] |
 | Mouse (B6C3F1) | 7 mg/kg; 28 days | Weight gain ↓, liver mass ↑, and no detrimental effects on the adaptive immune system | 11 mg/L | Qazi et al., [298] |
 | Rat | 0.14 to 7.58 mg/kg BW/day; 28 days | Body weight ↓, liver weight ↑, lymphocyte apoptosis in the thymus ↑, T helper cells ↑, and B cells ↓ | 0.4 to 30 mg/kg male and 1 to 43 mg/kg female rats | Lefebvre et al. [299] |
PFOS or PFOA | Male mouse (C57BL/6) | 0.02% in feed; 10 days | Total number of white blood cells ↓, lymphocyte number ↓, neutrophilic granulocytes ↓ (only with PFOA), macrophage number in the bone marrow ↓ (but not in the spleen or abdominal cavity), and tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 production ↑ mildly (ex vivo) | 340 ± 16 mg/L (PFOS) and 152 ± 8.6 mg/L (PFOA) | Qazi et al. [212] |
PFOA | Male mouse (C57B1/6) | 0.02% in feed; 7 to 10 days | Body weight ↓, liver mass ↑, spleen and thymus mass ↓, and peroxisome proliferation ↑ | n.r. | Yang et al. [206] |
 | Male mouse (C57BL/6) | 0.02% in feed; 10 days | Immunosuppressive: plaque formation ↓, IgM- and IgG serum concentrations ↓, and proliferation of spleen ↓ | n.r. | Yang et al. [208] |
 | Mouse | 3.73, 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg BW/day; 10 days | T-cell dependent antibody reaction ↓ and no consequences of a stress-induced corticosterone production | n.r. | DeWitt et al. [216] |
 | Mouse | 30 mg/kg BW/day; 10 to 15 days | IgM synthesis ↓ | 74 mg/Lc at 3.75 mg/kg BW/day | DeWitt et al. [300] |