Table 1 Methods of the BINATS survey of the indicator groups habitat structures, vascular plants, butterflies, and grasshoppers [48]
| Â | Habitat structures | Vascular plants | Butterflies | Grasshoppers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Transect cross | - | 20 m (length) × 2 m (width) × 4 (transect axes) | 20 m (length) × 5 m (width) × 4 (transect axes) | 10 m (length) × 5 m (width) × 4 (transect axes) |
Surveyed area/transect cross | - | 160 m2 | 400 m2 | 200 m2 |
Surveyed area per test area | 625 m × 625 m | 1,600 m2 | 4,000 m2 | 2,000 m2 |
Date of inquiry | Beginning of April until the end of October | Spring: 15.04. until 31.05. | Middle of July until middle of August (9 A.M. until 5 P.M.) | Middle of July until end of August (9 A.M. until 7 P.M.) |
| Â | Â | Summer: 01.08. until 30.09. | Â | Â |
Number of inquiries | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Time for survey | Unlimited: complete compilation | Unlimited: complete compilation | Max. walking pace: 3 km/h, additional 5 min survey | 8 min/10 m transect |
Used literature for determination | Austrian Excursion Flora [64] | Grasshopper field guides [68–71], grasshopper sound recordings (Panrok, unpublished) | ||
Temperature thresholds | None | None | Min. temperature: 13°C | Min. temperature: 20°C |
|  |  |  | Max. temperature: 36°C |  |
Subjects of inquiry | Type, location and number of habitat structures in the whole test area | Species number separately within each habitat structure, abundance of potential hybridisation partners of oilseed rape on an ordinal scale | Species number and abundance | Species number and abundance |
Additional recording of | Hybridisation partners of oilseed rape and beets | Habitat structures within the transect cross | Habitat structures and vegetation, floral visits | Habitat structures and height of vegetation |