Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 7 Robustness check

From: Determining the environmental effect of Chinese FDI on the Belt and Road countries CO₂ emissions: an EKC-based assessment in the context of pollution haven and halo hypotheses

Variable	DK–FE			DK–RE
Variable	Coeff.	Drisc/Kray std. err.	Prob.	Coeff.	Drisc/Kray std. err.	Prob.
Panel A
Y	5.3329	0.6718	0.000	5.3696	0.9276	0.000
Y²	− 0.2829	0.0372	0.000	− 0.2852	0.0507	0.000
CoFDI	− 0.0319	0.0045	0.000	− 0.0299	0.0073	0.001
EI*RE	− 0.0179	0.0002	0.000	0.1256	− 0.0018	0.000
_Con	− 21.147	3.0212	0.000	− 21.290	4.0719	0.001
Prob > Chi²			0.9937
Panel B
Y	3.4504	0.0133	0.000	3.5316	0.6401	0.000
Y²	− 0.1709	0.0255	0.000	− 0.1770	0.0296	0.000
CoFDI	0.0624	0.0133	0.000	0.0632	0.0134	0.000
EI*RE	0.0006	0.0005	0.286	0.0842	0.0005	0.245
_Con	− 12.908	2.5460	0.000	− 13.147	3.0760	0.001
Prob > Chi²			0.7830

CoFDI Chinese outward FDI, Y GDP per capita and all of these variables are in the natural log, while EI*RE the interaction of energy intensity and renewable energy

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