Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 4 Pesaran (CIPS) unit-root tests results

From: Determining the environmental effect of Chinese FDI on the Belt and Road countries CO₂ emissions: an EKC-based assessment in the context of pollution haven and halo hypotheses

	Panel A		Panel B
	At level	At first diff	At level	At first diff
CO₂e	− 1.175	− 3.705*	− 2.214**	− 3.593*
CoFDI	− 2.403**	− 3.413*	− 2.351*	− 3.634*
Y	− 1.949	− 2.080**	− 2.194**	− 2.586*
EI	− 2.799*	− 3.919*	− 2.040	− 3.289*
RE	− 1.796*	− 2.705*	− 1.709	− 2.823

^*, ** Indicates a 1% and 5% level of significance

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