Table 1 Exposure experiments: brown trout at various ages with glyphosate, glyphosate in Roundup®, AMPA, and PEP

Time point

September 2020

November 2021

July 2022

June 2023

July 2023

Total number of exposed individuals

120

180

540

664

359

Age of exposed fish

10 months

10 months

6 months

6 months

7 months

Average weight in g ± SD

6.5 ± 1.9

6.7 ± 2.0

0.8 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

Average size in cm ± SD

8.0 ± 1.0

8.4 ± 0.9

4.1 ± 0.5

5.1 ± 0.6

5.4 ± 0.5

Duration of exposure

4 weeks

3 weeks

3 weeks

2 weeks

3 weeks

Temperature

7 °C

7 °C

7 °C

15 °C

15 °C

Treatments

Control; glyphosate: 500 µg/l, 5000 µg/l;

glyphosate in Roundup®: 5000 µg/l

Control;

glyphosate: 56 µg/l, 560 µg/l, 5600 µg/l;

AMPA: 3666 µg/l; glyphosate in Roundup®: 5600 µg/l

Control;

control + PEP;

glyphosate: 5600 µg/l; 5600 µg/l + PEP:

AMPA: 3666 µg/l; 3666 µg/l + PEP

Control;

glyphosate: 56 µg/l, 560 µg/l, 5600 µg/l;

AMPA: 3666 µg/l; glyphosate in Roundup®: 5600 µg/l

Pure water for “recovery”