Aquatic ecotoxicity of glyphosate, its formulations, and co-formulants: evidence from 2010 to 2023

Klátyik, Szandra; Simon, Gergely; Oláh, Marianna; Takács, Eszter; Mesnage, Robin; Antoniou, Michael N.; Zaller, Johann G.; Székács, András

doi:10.1186/s12302-024-00849-1

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 3 Effects of glyphosate, its derivatives, and/or its formulated herbicide products on aquatic plants reported in the scientific literature since 2010

From: Aquatic ecotoxicity of glyphosate, its formulations, and co-formulants: evidence from 2010 to 2023

Test organism	Type of tested compound	Tested concentrations	Duration	Tested endpoints	Observed effects	References
Lemna minor	Roundup classic Pro, AMPA^a	GBH^b: 0.072–18.38 mg l⁻¹, AMPA: 0.011–2.85 mg l⁻¹	7 d^c	Growth	100% growth inhibition (1.15 mg l⁻¹ Roundup, 712.9 mg l⁻¹ AMPA)	[148]
L. minor	Roundup Ultra 360 SL	360.5, 721.1, and 7206 mg l⁻¹ GLY-IPA^d	48 h^e–3 w^f	Growth, pigment and polyamine content, enzyme activities	Reduced pigment content and biomass (≥ 360.5 mg l⁻¹), time-dependent effects on enzyme activities and polyamine content	[149]
L. minor	GLY-IPA	0–9.13 mg l⁻¹	7 d	Growth, enzyme activities, pigment content	7-d EC₅₀^g = 1.51 mg l⁻¹, morphological and biochemical changes	[150]
L. minor	Taifun Forte	25–400 μg l⁻¹	7 d	Growth, peroxidase activity, total protein content	Temperature-dependent growth inhibition, decreased peroxidase activity (10–30 °C)	[151]
L. minor	AMPA	5–10⁵ μg l⁻¹	14 d	Growth, chlorophyll content, amino acid metabolism	Reduced growth rate (≥ 35 μg l⁻¹), reduced chlorophyll content (30–50 μg l⁻¹), altered chlorophyll and amino acid metabolism	[152]
S. molesta	GLY, AMPA	GLY: 20–100 μg l⁻¹, AMPA: 10–50 μg l⁻¹	7 d	Pigment content, photosynthetic rate, remediation potential, oxidative stress markers	Reduced photosynthetic rate and pigment content (≥ 40 μg l⁻¹ GLY, ≥ 10 μg l⁻¹ AMPA), increased malondialdehyde level (≥ 40 μg l⁻¹ GLY, ≥ 10 μg l⁻¹ AMPA) and enzyme activities (catalase, ascorbate-peroxidase) (≥ 20 μg l⁻¹ GLY, ≥ 10 μg l⁻¹ AMPA), removal of GLY (74.15%) and AMPA (71.34%)	[153]
V. natans, A. calamus	GLY, AMPA	0.05–50 mg l⁻¹ individually and in combination	7 d	Growth, pigment content, antioxidant activity	Substance and species-specific growth inhibition, reduced chl-a^h content), increased malondialdehyde level and SODⁱ activity	[116]
E. densa	Roundup, AMPA	Roundup: 0.28, 3.5, 6 mg l⁻¹; AMPA: 0.03 mg l⁻¹	7 d	Photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content	Decreased photosynthetic rates and chl-a, increased dark respiration rates (0.03 mg l⁻¹ AMPA, ≥ 3.5 mg l⁻¹)	[154]

^aaminomethylphosphonic acid, ^bGLY-based herbicides, ^cday, ^dGLY-isopropylammonium salt, ^ehour, ^fweek, ^g50% effective concentration, ^hchlorophyll-a, ⁱsuperoxide dismutase

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