Table 11 Combined effects of glyphosate and/or its formulated herbicide products with pathogens or parasites reported in the scientific literature since 2010
From: Aquatic ecotoxicity of glyphosate, its formulations, and co-formulants: evidence from 2010 to 2023
Test organism | Type of tested compound | Tested concentrations | Duration | Tested endpoints | Observed effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O. mykiss | GLYa, GBHsb (Roundup Innovert, Viaglif Jardin) in combination of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus | 1 µg l−1 AIc equivalent | 8 months | Behavior, clinical signs of rhabdoviruses infection, and mortality, oxidative stress parameters, energy metabolism markers and immune markers | GLY and GBHs affected the susceptibility of fish to viral infection, substance-specific effect on cumulative mortality, no significant effects on most of the tested endpoints | [317] |
O. mykiss | GLY, GBHs (Roundup Innovert, Viaglif Jardin) in combination of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus | 500 μg l−1 AI equivalent | 96 hd | Mortality, metabolic and hemato-immunologic parameters, ability to survive a viral challenge | Significant differences in red and white blood cell counts, altered enzymatic activities in the infected fish, multistress conditions | [318] |
G. anomalus | Glyphosate 360 formulation combined with Telogaster opisthorchis infection | 0.36, 3.6, 36 mg AI l−1 | 26 d | Survival, development, spinal malformations | Simultaneous exposure to GLY and parasitic infection significantly decreased fish survival (0.36 mg AI l−1), spinal malformations | [319] |
L. rohita | Roundup combined with Aeromonas hydrophila infection | 0.63, 1.03, and 2.06, 13.6 mg AI l−1 | 96 h | Susceptibility test | Reduced survival, increased vulnerability to infections | [222] |