Aquatic ecotoxicity of glyphosate, its formulations, and co-formulants: evidence from 2010 to 2023

Klátyik, Szandra; Simon, Gergely; Oláh, Marianna; Takács, Eszter; Mesnage, Robin; Antoniou, Michael N.; Zaller, Johann G.; Székács, András

doi:10.1186/s12302-024-00849-1

Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 1 Effects of glyphosate, its derivatives, co-formulants, and/or its formulated herbicide products on aquatic microorganisms reported in the scientific literature since 2010

From: Aquatic ecotoxicity of glyphosate, its formulations, and co-formulants: evidence from 2010 to 2023

Test organism	Type of tested compound	Tested concentrations	Duration	Tested endpoints	Observed effects	References
Bacterioplankton communities	¹³C-labelled GLY^a	10 and 100 µg l⁻¹	6 d^b	Bacterial abundance, composition	No effects on abundance, altered bacterial diversity	[91]
Bacterioplankton communities	GLY	0–15 mg l⁻¹	43 d	Bacterial density, diversity, composition	Changed community structure (15 mg l⁻¹, no taxonomical effects	[88]
Benthic sediment microbial communities	GLY, AMPA^c	0.07–7 mg l⁻¹	2 h^d and 14 d	Diversity, composition	No effects on microbial communities	[93]
Microbial communities	GLY (pure 99.5%)	2.5 mg l⁻¹	15 d	Photosynthetic pigment content, transcriptomic analyses	Higher chl-a^e content, no significant effect on the microbial composition, functional changes in microcosms	[92]
Bacterial community	GLY	6.09 and 0.9 mg l⁻¹	10 d	Bacterial diversity and composition	Bacterial community changes	[94]
Freshwater biofilm communities	GLY-IPA^f, Roundup Classic	100 µg AI^g l⁻¹	35 d	Structural analysis	Intensive EPS^h production	[87]
Microbial communities	GBHⁱ	10 µg l⁻¹	5 months	Microbial community composition, assembly	Temperature-dependent and habitat-specific effects on microbial community assembly	[97]
Biofilm communities	GLY-IPA	0.25–2.54 g l⁻¹	22 d	Biofilm function and biomass	Decreased respiration (2.54 g l⁻¹)	[86]
P. aeruginosa (planktonic, biofilm)	Roundup	0.845–1690 mg l⁻¹	24 h	growth	Reduced (aerobe) or increased (anaerobe, ≥ 84.5 mg l⁻¹) planktonic growth, concentration-dependent biofilm growth	[98]
V. fischeri, crustaceans	Quaternary ammonium salts	81.9% screening tests	15 min–6 d	EC₅₀^j	No acute toxicity	[99]
V. fischeri, D. magna	GLY-IPA, GBHs (Roundup Max, Roundup Quick)	Stock solutions GLY-IPA and Roundup Max: 6.8 g a.e.^k GLY l⁻¹, Roundup Quick: 7.2 g a.e. GLY l⁻¹	V. fischeri: 30 min, D. magna: 48 h	EC₅₀	Significant differences in EC₅₀ values and the sensitivity	[100]
V. fischeri, T. pyriformis	GLY acid, AMPA	Screening tests	V. fischeri: 30 min, T. pyriformis: 9 min–2 h	V. fischeri: EC₅₀, T. pyriformis: esterase activity, IC₅₀^l	V. fischeri more sensitive, GLY more toxic	[101]
T. thermophila	Roundup	100–300 mg l⁻¹	24–96 h	Growth, aggregation Behavior, cell morphology, proteomic analysis	96-h IC₅₀ = 171 mg l⁻¹, no effects on aggregation behavior and cell morphology, proteomic alterations (77.5–171 mg l⁻¹)	[102]
Pelagic and biofilm-associated bacterial communities	GLY	13.94 mg l⁻¹	140 d	Total cell count	Significant increase after GLY addition, biofilm communities less affected	[103]

^aGlyphosate, ^bday, ^caminomethylphosphonic acid, ^dhour, ^echlorophyll-a, ^fGLY-isopropylammonium salt, ^gactive ingredient, ^hextracellular polymeric substances,ⁱGLY-based herbicides, ^j50% effective concentration, ^kacid equivalent, ^lhalf-maximal inhibitory concentration

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