Table 7 Assessment of plant response to biotic stress in field trials or under contained conditions in GMP applications (number of studies in brackets)

Level of containment

Climate chamber or greenhouse (4), field trials (11)

Field trials

Field trials

Field trials

Biotic stressors selected

3 Pests: CPB, Aphids, Globodera sp.

7 Diseases: Phytophthora, Erwinia, Alternaria, PVX, PVY, unspecified virus, Synchytrium endobioticum

Incidence (varied among observations and between sites)

Incidence (varied among observations and between sites)

Incidence (varied among observations and between sites)

Artificial inoculation

Yes (Phytophthora, PVX, PVY, Globodera sp S. endobioticum)

No (all other)

No

No

No

Application of plant protection products in field trials

Yes (4), no (3), n. i. (8)

Yes (5), n.i. (1)

Yes (3), n.i. (4)

Yes (9), n.i. (1)

Parameters assessed

Pests: relative susceptibility (Globodera), abundance (CPB), species diversity, abundance (aphids)

Diseases: % infected leaf area or plants or crop canopy, qualitative rating (1–10 scale), % resistant plants

Pests and diseases:

visual rating of symptoms or damage on a 0–3, 1–4 or 1–9 scale,

yes/no classification,

number of plants with aphids

Pest and diseases:

Visual rating 1–9/1–4 scale, 0–5 scale (e.g. aphids, leafhoppers),

Visual estimate 0–100% or % plant tissue or leaf area affected

Abundance of 6 most abundant pest arthropods (beat sheet sampling) (1)

Disease/damage type recorded if incidence greater than 30% (1)

Pests and diseases:

Visual estimation on qualitative scale (6)

Yellow sticky trap for 6 most abundant pest arthropods (1)

Quantitative assessment (3):

ECB: number of larvae, holes, feeding galleries,, length of feeding galleries in stalks)

CEW: abundance, damage rating on 0–9 scale

Protocols used

Official tests for entrance on the Dutch Variety List, Dutch Plant Protection Service, EPPO Standards (EPPO 1999, EPPO 2005, EPPO PP1/213(2)

N.i

N.i

N.i. (for CEW: method adapted from Widstrom 1967)