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Environmental Sciences Europe

Table 3 Association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 mass and its constituents (per SD increase, μg/m3) with hyperuricemia and SUA concentrations

From: Associations of long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents with serum uric acid and hyperuricemia in Chinese adults

Air pollutant

Crudea

Model 1b

Model 2c

Hyperuricemia, OR (95%CI), P value

 PM2.5

1.09 (1.07–1.11)

 < 0.001

1.22 (1.12–1.32)

 < 0.001

1.22 (1.12–1.32)

 < 0.001

 BC

1.08 (1.06–1.10)

 < 0.001

1.17 (1.08–1.27)

 < 0.001

1.17 (1.08–1.27)

 < 0.001

 Ammonium

1.10 (1.07–1.12)

 < 0.001

1.21 (1.12–1.31)

 < 0.001

1.21 (1.11–1.31)

 < 0.001

 Nitrate

1.07 (1.05–1.09)

 < 0.001

1.28 (1.17–1.39)

 < 0.001

1.28 (1.18–1.40)

 < 0.001

 OM

1.07 (1.05–1.09)

 < 0.001

1.20 (1.10–1.31)

 < 0.001

1.20 (1.10–1.31)

 < 0.001

 Sulfate

1.11 (1.09–1.13)

 < 0.001

1.15 (1.06–1.24)

 < 0.001

1.14 (1.06–1.23)

 < 0.001

 SOIL

1.09 (1.07–1.12)

 < 0.001

1.19 (1.11–1.29)

 < 0.001

1.19 (1.11–1.28)

 < 0.001

 SS

1.16 (1.14–1.18)

 < 0.001

1.14 (1.08–1.20)

 < 0.001

1.13 (1.08–1.19)

 < 0.001

SUA, changes in μmol/L (95%CI), P value

 PM2.5

7.98 (7.34–8.62)

 < 0.001

8.92 (6.62–11.23)

 < 0.001

9.02 (6.73–11.32)

 < 0.001

 BC

7.77 (7.14–8.41)

 < 0.001

7.53 (5.33–9.72)

 < 0.001

7.58 (5.39–9.77)

 < 0.001

 Ammonium

8.25 (7.61–8.88)

 < 0.001

8.94 (6.70–11.18)

 < 0.001

8.94 (6.70–11.17)

 < 0.001

 Nitrate

7.47 (6.83–8.10)

 < 0.001

9.87 (7.55–12.19)

 < 0.001

10.11 (7.80–12.42)

 < 0.001

 OM

7.50 (6.86–8.13)

 < 0.001

7.87 (5.49–10.24)

 < 0.001

8.15 (5.78–10.53)

 < 0.001

 Sulfate

8.76 (8.12–9.39)

 < 0.001

7.35 (5.27–9.44)

 < 0.001

7.19 (5.11–9.27)

 < 0.001

 SOIL

8.12 (7.48–8.75)

 < 0.001

7.41 (5.35–9.46)

 < 0.001

7.62 (5.57–9.68)

 < 0.001

 SS

3.55 (2.91–4.18)

 < 0.001

5.71 (4.24–7.17)

 < 0.001

5.52 (4.05–6.98)

 < 0.001

  1. BMI, body mass index; PM2.5, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤ 2.5 μm; BC, black carbon; OM, organic matter; SOIL, soil particles; SS, sea salt; SD, standard error; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SUA, serum uric acid
  2. aCrude model adjusted for nothing
  3. bModel 1 adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, occupation, province, annual family income, rural/urban, BMI
  4. cModel 2 adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education, occupation, province, annual family income, rural/urban, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, passive smoking status, alcohol consumption, Mediterranean diet score, indoor air pollution
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