Fig. 4

Dot plot depicting the selection of significantly regulated overrepresented biological processes as obtained from ORA and enriched molecular functions as observed by GSEA after exposure of C. dipterum larvae to sublethal concentrations of fipronil. A Biological processes overrepresented and B molecular functions enriched in the dataset. In each plot, bubbles were drawn for the top 10 terms identified as statistically significantly overrepresented (A) or enriched (B) (with a Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p-value of ≤ 0.05) for the corresponding treatment. The size of each bubble corresponds to the log(2) transformed count of genes identified as enriched in a particular gene set (count). The gene set enrichment (in percentage) determines the position of the bubble on the x-axis and indicates how many genes in a gene set were enriched relative to the set's size. The color of the bubbles indicates the degree of significance of the corresponding overrepresented GO term (adjusted p-value of ≤ 0.05), which is shown in percentage on the x-axis (A) and the direction of the normalized enrichment score (NES), with positive scores shown in red and negative scores in blue (B)