Table 3 The impact of HSR on GTI

HSR

0.105**

0.281***

(2.32)

(3.85)

Station

0.022**

0.073***

(2.46)

(5.15)

Line

0.074***

0.225***

(3.10)

(5.85)

ED

0.108***

− 0.045

0.108***

− 0.045

0.106**

− 0.052

(2.69)

(− 0.49)

(2.65)

(− 0.50)

(2.51)

(− 0.60)

GS

0.046***

0.033*

0.045***

0.029*

0.044***

0.028

(3.84)

(1.93)

(3.74)

(1.70)

(3.70)

(1.64)

FD

− 0.263*

− 0.618**

− 0.242

− 0.546**

− 0.226

− 0.505**

(− 1.66)

(− 2.49)

(− 1.53)

(− 2.25)

(− 1.42)

(− 2.14)

FI

− 0.068*

− 0.016

− 0.071*

− 0.022

− 0.069*

− 0.017

(− 1.70)

(− 0.29)

(− 1.76)

(− 0.39)

(− 1.72)

(− 0.31)

ID

0.166**

0.169**

0.177***

0.201**

0.182***

0.215***

(2.57)

(2.11)

(2.72)

(2.52)

(2.79)

(2.68)

Constant

− 2.779***

− 1.539

− 2.744***

− 1.481

− 2.731***

− 1.424

(− 5.03)

(− 1.54)

(− 4.96)

(− 1.50)

(− 4.83)

(− 1.51)

Observations

3,432

3,432

3,432

3,432

3,432

3,432

R-squared

0.662

0.388

0.662

0.392

0.663

0.396

Number of cities

286

286

286

286

286

286

City FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Time FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes