Table 8 Elemental analysis of biochar from L. leucocephala and examples from the literature [63,64,65,66]
Materials | Pyrolysis Temp. (°C) | C (%) | H (%) | S (%) | O (%) | N (%) | H/C | O/C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L. leucocephala | Raw material | 47.3 | 6.1 | 0.10 | 41.6 | – | 0.13 | 0.88 |
Biochar 400 | 400 °C | 51.7 | 2.6 | 0.55 | 32.6 | – | 0.05 | 0.63 |
Biochar 500 | 500 °C | 63.4 | 3.1 | 063 | 19.0 | – | 0.05 | 0.30 |
Biochar 600 | 600 °C | 57.4 | 1.8 | 0.46 | 16.3 | – | 0.03 | 0.28 |
Hardwood sawdust | 500 °C | 69.5 | 3.1 | 0.01 | 13.1 | – | 0.04 | 0.19 |
Wood waste | 550 °C | 91.4 | 2.8 | 0.00 | 4.6 | – | 0.03 | 0.05 |
Pine wood chip | 465 °C | 75.0 | 3.4 | 0.10 | 9.0 | – | 0.05 | 0.12 |
Beech | Raw material | 49.1 | 5.7 | – | 44.7 | – | 0.12 | 0.91 |
Beech char 500 | 500 °C | 64.9 | 4.3 | – | 28.2 | – | 0.07 | 0.43 |
Beech char 600 | 600 °C | 76.7 | 2.7 | – | 15.9 | – | 0.04 | 0.21 |
Beech char 800 | 800 °C | 77.4 | 2.7 | – | 14.3 | – | 0.03 | 0.18 |
Pine | Raw material | 51.3 | 6.4 | 0.06 | 42.2 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.82 |
400 char pine | 400 °C | 76.8 | 3.3 | 0.21 | 19.1 | 0.57 | 0.04 | 0.25 |
600 char pine | 600 °C | 94.4 | 2.1 | 0.01 | 3.2 | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
1000 char pine | 1000 °C | 97.3 | 0.4 | 0.01 | 1.2 | 1.15 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
Bamboo char | – | 69.0 | 1.6 | 0.11 | 3.9 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.06 |
Rice husk char | – | 42.7 | 2.4 | 0.15 | 2.4 | 0.51 | 0.06 | 0.06 |